AP gov amendments/ clauses

1st amendment

freedom of speech, press, religion, petition, and assembly

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

4th amendment

protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

exclusionary rule: legal doctrine that prohibits evidence obtained through illegal searches or seizures from being used in criminal trials

5th amendment

protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and ensures due process of law.

6th amendment

ensures the right to a fair and speedy trial, the right to counsel, and the right to confront witnesses.

8th amendment

no cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail

10th amendment

reserved powers for the states (foundations of federalism)

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

defines citizenship, equal protection clause, and due process clause (used for selective incorporation into the states)

15th amendment

voting rights for black men

19th amendment

women’s suffrage (right to vote)

24th amendment

abolished poll taxes

26th amendment

lowered voting age to 18

necessary and proper clause

grants congress implied powers to pass laws necessary to carry out their enumerated powers