KP340: missing critical information

What lifestyle factors should be optimized before pregnancy?

Maintain healthy body weight, eat a balanced diet, stay physically active, obtain regular medical care, manage chronic diseases.

What exposures should be avoided before and during pregnancy?

Cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, environmental contaminants.

What are the major functions of the placenta?

Respiratory function, absorptive function, excretory function.

What materials are transferred across the placenta?

Oxygen, nutrients, waste products.

What is a critical period in fetal development?

A time of rapid development when damage can cause permanent effects.

When does the neural tube close?

17-30 days after conception.

Why is folate essential early in pregnancy?

Required for proper neural tube development.

What is fetal programming?

Maternal nutrition influences gene expression in the fetus.

Poor maternal nutrition increases risk of what later-life diseases?

Diabetes, hypertension, obesity.

What is the most reliable indicator of infant health?

Birthweight.

When does birthweight double?

About 5 months.

When does birthweight triple?

About 1 year.

What vitamin supplement is recommended for breastfed infants?

Vitamin D.

What vitamin is given to newborns shortly after birth?

Vitamin K.

When can cow's milk be introduced?

9-12 months.

How long should whole milk be used after infancy?

Until about 2-5 years.

What substances are incompatible with breastfeeding?

Alcohol, smoking, illicit drugs, some medications, excess caffeine.

What percentage of calories should come from fat for ages 1-3 years?

30-40% of total energy.

What percentage of calories should come from fat for ages 4-18 years?

25-35% of total energy.

What is the obesity risk if parents are NOT obese?

Less than 10% risk.

What is the obesity risk if one parent is obese?

Greater than 80% risk.