World War I and the Russian Revolution Regents Review Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the causes, technology, and outcomes of World War I, as well as the events and figures of the Russian Revolution.

Militarism

A cause of WWI where countries built up large armies and navies and competed for military power.

Alliances

A cause of WWI where nations formed military partnerships that pulled many countries into the conflict.

Nationalism

A cause of WWI involving strong pride in one's nation that created rivalries and tensions between countries.

Imperialism

A cause of WWI where European nations competed for colonies and resources around the world.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The leader of Austria-Hungary whose assassination triggered the start of World War I.

Allied Powers (Triple Entente)

The military alliance consisting of Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States (who joined later).

Central Powers (Triple Alliance)

The military alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire.

Total War

A conflict where all people in a country are involved, including women taking unattended jobs and civilians rationing items at home.

War Bond

A loan given by citizens to the government to be used for war purposes.

Poison Gas

A new weapon in WWI that could cause blinding and required gas masks for protection.

Aviation

One or two-seat planes equipped with machine guns or bombs introduced during the war.

Submarine

An underwater ship capable of launching torpedoes used during WWI.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat where armored vehicles called tanks were used to travel across land, especially "No Man’s Land."

Lusitania

A ship carrying 106 Americans and war materials that was sunk by Germany, helping lead the U.S. into the war.

Zimmerman Telegram

A message from Germany to Mexico asking them to start a war with the United States to distract the U.S. from aiding Great Britain and France.

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A speech given by the U.S. President outlining a vision for stable, long-lasting peace in Europe and the world.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace agreement that forced Germany to take full responsibility for the war, pay reparations, and return Alsace and Lorraine to France.

Reparations

Payments for war damages required from Germany under the Treaty of Versailles.

League of Nations

An organization of 40 countries intended to settle problems before they led to war, which was weak because the United States did not join.

Nicholas II

The Russian Czar who resisted reforms, used harsh tactics to suppress liberals, and abdicated during the March Revolution.

Russo-Japanese War

A conflict which Russia lost, demonstrating that the country was not strong enough to compete with a newly industrialized nation.

“Bloody Sunday”

January 22, 1905, when the Czar's troops shot down peaceful marchers carrying a petition for reform.

March Revolution

The 1917 revolt in Russia sparked by food, fuel, and housing shortages that led to the abdication of the Czar.

Bolshevik Revolution

A revolution led by Vladimir Lenin, who adapted the ideas of Karl Marx to the Russian situation.

“Peace, Land, and Bread”

The promise made by the Bolsheviks to gain support by offering an end to war, land reform, and an end to food shortages.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The agreement that withdrew Russia from World War I and gave a large amount of Russian territory to Germany.

New Economic Policy

Lenin's policy that kept government control of banks and large industry but allowed for some private ownership (capitalism).

Russian Civil War

A conflict between the Reds (loyal to Lenin) and the Whites (anti-communists), which the Reds eventually won.

Joseph Stalin

The totalitarian ruler who rose to power after Lenin, leading Through terror and the removal of political rivals.

Totalitarian State

A country ruled by a one-party dictator who attempts to regulate every aspect of its citizens' lives.

Great Purge

An event where Stalin accused thousands of people of crimes against the government, leading to exile, prison camps, or death.

Five Year Plans

Stalin’s economic goals focused on building industry and increasing farm output, specifically in oil, coal, steel, and military goods.

Collectivization

The system of large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group, where the government controlled prices and set production quotas.

Holodomor Genocide

A major human rights violation occurring under the Soviet regime noted for its impact on population.