CRM 3305 final

crimes of the powerful

those who poses power and weralth in the creattion and operation of the law

Crimes of the powerful are constructed

and respond to in ways that reflect capilitst socitites

cop therosis propose

crime is not particualr to any social class r group but that upper class crimes are made less visible and recive leitant sanctions.

power is a crucial variable

that shares the nature of crime and its response

sutherlands work

focused on white collar crime

with crimes of the powerful we see

state, white collar and corpote crime

white collar crime

non violent for finical gain crime is commited by indivuals of therir orginiszations policys

corporte crime

• Committed by those who occupy senior positions to further an organization’s goals and interests; systemic goals individually sanctioned gains associated; organized

defraud you, kill you, corprote manslaughter

Unsafe conditions that can lead to deaths by corporatistd

state crime

Acts that violate criminal and international law committed in pursuit of aims or interests of the state

Radical perspectives in COP

Want statists in whose corportations are to be held accountable, indivusuld to be held accountable, punitive regulation (hit them where they hurt),

Regulatory orthodox

Works by advocating self regulation and tough enforcement but punidhment as a last resort

Very hard to

Prosecute a wealthy offender

Proscutstion must prove

Harm caused death

Powerful do not fit

The image of criminal

Media portals

Couches crimes of the powerful

First corporation to be prosecuted

Ford pinto,

Criticisms

I sits capitalism breeds crimes of powerful, overlooks improvements, crimes commîtes on health and safety are usuall

Zemiology

Criminology should be expanded to include acts that cause social harms (human rights abuses)

Definitions of crime reflect

Classa and race relations reflecting the nature of wealth distribution in society.

Crime has

No ontological reality

Zemilogical approach

Social harm as inxterbility linked to social and economic inequalities at the heart of the liberal state

Green criminology

Emphasizes environmental justice, with a special focus on human rights and social equity, and ecological justice, with a special focus on the biosphere and generally the rights of humans and non humans

Green criminology considers

Not just questions of crime in a traditional sense of criminal law conception but also concerning rights,justice,morals, central focus is environmental harm

Environmental harms are recognized

As violations of environmental laws, but often ignored by conventional criminology because not criminal laws

Green criminology ignores conventional standard laws

Because criminal and regulatory law is the matter of social construction, recognition,utility

Focuses on

The role of ideologies, human nature and consumer culture

Green harms

Are the most important considerations in modern society because they cause the most harm,violence,damage and loss

Critical race theory

Explores how race, class, and gender shape the dynamics of social institutions including the criminal justice theory

Key influences in crt include

Radical African American scholars, black and chicano rights movements.

Focuses on

Many of the same issues conventional civil rights and ethnic studies discourses take up but puts it in a braioder perspective that includes economics, history,self intrest

Central concern

To remedy past injustices, expose racial dominion and transform social structures that uphold and renforce it, examine instutionalized racial oppression

Race and gender

Are social constructs, truth is a social construct created to suit instrests of the dominant group

Differential racialization

Different racial groups have had different experiences of racism that have evolved in different ways in particular historical periods and economic and political conditons

Dominant society

Racializes different minority groups at different times in response to shifting needs as the labour market

Interest convergence principle

Where groups manipulate racial issues to protect their material and other intrests

Interest conveyance in the CJS

Can operate and override institutionalized injustice even where the injustice is underpinned by deeply entrenched racial predjudce and repression

Critical theory’s empirical agenda

People of color should conduct empirical and theoretical work on race matters because they are nest placed to offer counter narratives that highlight the real experiences of race and challenge the claims about race neutrality but the white dominance class

Difficult of trying to develop counter narratives

That can challenge dominant harmful stereotypes constricts and myths about race that fossilize in white peoples narratives such as the myth of black criminaility

Critique

Playing the race card, playing victim, implying that all black people look alike, no practical alternatives to the social arrangements it critisises

Responses to critique

Perpuate the myth that ther is a relationship between ethnicity and crime, traced back to puesdoscience, need changes in training for police more minority officers discrimination in severity of sentencing higher rate. The criminological problem is not a race problem but a racism prolem

Decolonizing criminology

Criminology id the displine that severe colonialism and sim is to decolonize criminology and empire of law in criminology

Because of historical collusion

Criminology has contunited to flourish as a soap line in settler colonial states Whi;e former colonial states reject the criminological symbols of western modernity

Criminology as imperialist science

Criminology imports aletnitive methods of socia control from developing countries while other western gradation still export most brutal western tradations

Overepresentation

Of minorities within the criminal justice system

Gangster philosophy of enlightenment

Demonic judicial process, this is how criminal justice systems emerged. Pagan systems need to question so called criminal justice system.

Mainstream criminology

Doesn’t pay attention where criminology comes from (pagan systems

Gangster philosophy of Englighemnt testing ground

Was the transatlantic slave trade

Global imperilsmnsystemized

The persctation of people as different

Marx rightly critiqued

The gangster philosophy of Jermey Bentham who suggested that everyone was a calculating philistine

Demand for reparations is not

Is not a grasp at profit rather it is about fundamental justice

Decolinizing criminology orientalism

Ideological justification of colonialism as the forerunner of criminolgy

Colonized locations and populations were

Characterized as places of lawlessness and chaos inhabited by various despotic governments and roving bands of thugs and bandits

Development of underdevelopment

Colonized world stripped of control over daily life, suppressed by superior force not superior enlightenment, justification offensivement and genocide as a killing process

Need to recognize

Limitations of existing criminological knowledge and theoretical underdevelopment

Need to hear marginalized voice criminology

Has ignored and heed what criminology can learn from anti colonial struggle