Topic 4 - Macroanatomy

Identify what composes the Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

What are the subdivisions of the PNS

Autonomic and Somatic

What are the subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Describe the corpus callosum

Two hemispheres connected by a band of nerve fibers

Describe the Basal Ganglia

Controls voluntary movement, motor learning and emotions

Define the function of efferent nerves

Connect the CNS to skeletal muscles

Describe the function of afferent nerves

Carry information from the sense organs to the CNS

Expand upon the concept of the brain and neural networks

interconnected neurons form networks in the brain

these networks are complex and modify with growth and experience

What section is this?

Coronal

What section is this?

Horizontal

What section is this?

Sagittal

Define Corpus Callosum

Band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres

Describe the Cerebral Cortex

The outer layer of the brain, consists of mostly grey matter, wrinkly appearance due to sulcus and gyrus

Define sulcus

Groove between the gyri

Define gyrus

Bump of the wrinkle

Describe the meninges

Tough 3-layer protective covering for the brain

Identify the layers of the meninges

Dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater

Describe the dura mater

Tough fibrous layer, first layer form the skull

Describe the arachnoid layer

ultrathin sheet of connective tissue, second layer from the skull

Describe the pia mater

Moderately tough membrane of connective tissue, third layer from the skull

Describe Bacterial Meningitis

Caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and reaching meninges

Describe Viral Meningitis

Caused by viruses, often spread through respiratory or fecal routes

Identify the part of the brain that degenerates with Alheimers’s

Hippocampus

Identify the part of the brain that degenerates with Dementia

Hippocampus and frontal lobe

Identify the part of the brain that degenerates with Huntington’s Disease

Basal Ganglia

Describe the common carotid artery

Goes to the anterior part of the brain

Describe the vertebral artery

Major artery of the neck

Identify what the temporal lobe is mainly responsible for

Memory, hearing, language, musical abilities

Identify what the frontal lobe is mainly responsible for

executive functions and deciison making

Identify what the occipital lobe is mainly responsible for

visual processing

Identify what the parietal lobe is mainly responsible for

directing our movement towards a goal