World History H Final Study Guide

Our test i answering these exact 22 questions, so it might not be as useful to others.

What is the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement from the 1600s-1700s that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights to reform society and government.

What is a natural right?

Natural rights are the basic rights all people are born with, including life, liberty, and property.

How did Enlightenment ideas challenge absolute monarchy?

The Enlightenment ideas encouraged people to question old ideas, and reject the divine rights of the king, in favor of natural rights, social contract, and popular sovereignty.

What is a revolution?

A revolution is a great change from the way things were in the past.

What is the difference between a political revolution and a technological revolution?

Political revolution involves overthrowing a government and replacing an old leader with a new one, while a technological revolution replaces old technology with new innovations.

What were two causes of the French Revolution?

Two causes of the revolution were the unequal Estate system and the bad harvest and famine that led to food shortages and inflation.

What did the 3rd Estate want during the French Revolution?

The 3rd Estate wanted to set up a constitutional government that would abolish privileges of the church and nobility. Lead to equal political representation, the abolition of feudal privileges, and fair taxation.

What happened during the Reign of Terror?

The committee of public safety led by radical Jacobin killed from 17,000 - 40,000 people who they saw as counter-revolutionary using a guillotine in order to solidify political control.

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant military leader who rose to power during the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor of France in 1804, before being exiled he was able to conquer much of Europe.

What is the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was the historical period where the shift from hand-made to machine-made gave way to factories rising.

How did factories change the way people worked?

Factories changed the way people worked from making products by hand to using machines, requiring workers to work long hours for little pay.

Name one positive effect and one negative effect of industrialization.

One positive effect of industrialization was the mass production of goods, while a negative effect was the unsafe and unsanitary working conditions.

What is imperialism?

Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Why did European countries want colonies?

European countries wanted colonies to expand their influence and power and to obtain raw materials for the industrial revolution.

Name one way imperialism affected colonized people.

Colonized people faced economic exploitation, forced labor, and loss of political independence.

What are the M.A.I.N. causes of World War I?

The M.A.I.N. causes of World War I are militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.

Explain 3 of the M.A.I.N. causes of World War I.

Militarism (European arms races), Alliances (complex interlocking treaty systems), Imperialism (competition for colonies and resources), and Nationalism (ethnic pride and independence movements); together these turned a regional assassination into a world war.

Why was World War I different from earlier wars?

World War I was different due to technological advancements that led to new weapons, resulting in a brutal war with mass casualties.

What is fascism?

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarianism that first emerged in Italy after World War I. It put the nation and race above individuals.

Why did fascism rise after World War I?

Fascism rose after World War I due to economic instability, high unemployment, and inflation, leading desperate citizens to extreme leaders.

Name one characteristic of fascist governments.

One characteristic of a fascist government is the suppression of opposition.

Why did the Treaty of Versailles lead to World War II?

The Treaty of Versailles devastated Germany's economy and humiliated the people, leading to Adolf Hitler promoting nationalism and expansion.