Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Concepts and Java

Flashcards covering the fundamentals of computer languages, programming paradigms (POP vs. OOP), and core Java concepts from the provided textbook transcript.

Low Level Languages

Cryptic computer languages recognized by the computer without conversion, further categorized into machine and assembly languages.

Machine Language

A machine-dependent language where instructions are coded in binary digits ($0s$ and $1s$), also called machine code or object code.

Assembly Language

A language where instructions are coded in terms of mnemonics and op-codes; it is machine-dependent and requires a translator.

Mnemonics

Abbreviated forms of instructions used to write programs in assembly language.

High Level Languages (HLL)

Machine-independent languages used to write instructions in simple English phrases and mathematical symbols, such as BASIC, C/C++, Java, and Python.

Language Translator

A computer program, such as a compiler or interpreter, that translates high-level or assembly code into machine code.

Compiler

A software that reads the entire high-level program at once and produces machine code; it reports errors only after the entire program is checked.

Interpreter

A software that converts high-level instructions into machine code line-by-line or statement-by-statement during execution.

Assembler

A software that converts programs coded in assembly language into machine language.

Source Code

The original, human-readable instructions written by a programmer using a high-level programming language.

Object Code

Platform-dependent machine-readable code produced by a compiler, consisting of binary instructions executed directly by the CPU.

Structure Oriented Programming

A modular approach that improves clarity and quality using logical structures like selective control flow and looping, exemplified by ALGOL and PASCAL.

Procedure Oriented Programming (POP)

A programming approach that emphasizes functions and procedures over data, allowing data to flow freely throughout the program using a top-down approach.

Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

A modular approach that emphasizes data over functions by creating partitioned memory areas for both data and functions into entities called objects.

Object

A unique entity in OOP that contains both data (characteristics) and functions (behavior) together.

Class

A template, blueprint, or prototype for creating similar types of objects that share common attributes and behavior.

Data Abstraction

The act of representing essential features of a class without including the background details or internal mechanisms.

Inheritance

The process where a sub-class (derived class) acquires properties and features from a super-class (base class), promoting reusability.

Polymorphism

An OOP principle that allows a function or method to be used for multiple purposes, often implemented through function overloading.

Encapsulation

The system of wrapping data and functions together into a single unit (an object) to prevent data isolation and ensure privacy.

James Gosling

The software developer who developed the Java programming language at Sun Microsystems in 1991.

Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA)

The principle that compiled Java code can run on any platform that supports the Java Virtual Machine.

Case Sensitive

A language feature where uppercase and lowercase letters are distinguished and treated differently.

Bytecode

An intermediate, platform-independent binary code generated by the Java compiler (.class files) that is executed by the JVM.

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

An abstract software-based engine that interprets and executes Java bytecode, converting it into machine-specific instructions.

Standalone Applications

Self-contained Java programs that run independently on a local computer without requiring an internet connection.

Java Applets

Special Java programs designed to run within a Java-enabled web browser, supporting graphics and animation.

JDK (Java Development Kit)

A software package containing the Java compiler (javac), JVM, core libraries, and tools required to write and run Java programs.

Java Package

A namespace that groups related classes and interfaces to organize code and avoid naming conflicts.

java.lang

The default Java package that is automatically imported into every Java program.

Java Reserved Words

Also known as keywords, these carry special meaning to the compiler and cannot be used as variable names.

Byte

A basic unit of digital data consisting of $8\,bits$, used to represent characters, numbers, or instructions.