Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Workbook Multiple Choice #1 tests for Chapter 2,3,4,6

The direct source of energy for cells usually:

Glucose

An atom that has a charge after losing or gaining electrons is called:

An ion

The smallest part of an element:

An atom

The normal pH range of blood is:

7.35-7.45

What formula depict ions of sodium and chlorine?

Na+, Cl-

What formula shows a molecule with covalent bonds?

H2O

What two compounds ate important for energy storage in the body?

Glycogen and true Fats

Intracellular fluid is the name for water found in:

Cells

Enzymes are molecules that catalyze reactions are all:

Proteins

The trace element most essential for oxygen transport in the blood:

Iron

Which one of the following sets of pH values is correct?

A.) acid 5, neutral 7, alkaline 9

B.) acid 1, neutral 7, alkaline 5

C.) acid 7, neutral 7, alkaline 9

D.) Acid 6, neutral 8, alkaline 10

A.) acid 5, neutral 7, alkaline 9

Which of the following organic molecules is NOT paired with its correct subunits?

a.) glycogen- glucose

b.) proteins - monosaccharides

C.) DNA and RNA - nucleotides

D) true fats- fatty acids and glycerol

b.) proteins - monosaccharides

An enzyme may become inactive when:

Body temperature rises excessively and the pH of body fluids become too acidic

What is the genetic code in our cells?

DNA in chromosomes

The energy transfer molecule formed in cell respiration is:

ATP

The waste product of cell respiration is:

Carbon dioxide

The two elements that provide strength in bones and teeth are:

Ca and P

A carbohydrate is made of the elements:

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

The polysaccharide that is NOT an energy source is:

Cellulose

The molecule used to synthesize the hormones estrogen and testosterone is:

Cholesterol

Hydrogen bonds help maintain the three dimensional shape of:

Proteins and DNA

The trace element that helps maintain the shape of some proteins by forming bonds is:

Sodium

All of the following are functions of proteins except:

A.) muscle contraction

B.) energy storage

C.) antibodies to pathogens

D.) structures such as tendons

B.) energy storage

An organic molecule that is an important part of cell membranes is:

Phospholipid

Blood plasma is an example of:

An extracellular fluid, a transporting fluid, and a solvent

The cell organelles most directly associated with cell division are the:

Centrioles

The hereditary material of cells is _____ , which is found in the _____ of the cell.

DNA / chromosomes

The major structural parts of the cell are the:

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

The cell organelle most directly associated with the production of cellular proteins is:

Ribosomes

The cellular transport mechanism that depends upon blood pressure is:

Filtration

A water solvent solution with the same salt concentration as in cells is called:

Isotonic

Mitosis produces cells that have:

The diploid number of chromosomes, 46 for people

Meiosis produces cells that have:

The haploid number of chromosomes, 23 for people

The organic molecule in the cell membrane that forms pores and receptor sites for hormones are:

Proteins

Meiosis is necessary to produce:

Egg or sperm cells

Mitosis is necessary for:

Growth and repair of tissues

Th function of motile cilia is to:

Sweep materials across a surface

The nucleus of a cell:

Regulates the activities of a cell by means of the genetic material it contains

The function of the golfo apparatus of a cell is to synthesize:

Carbohydrates

Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules:

From an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

A gene is the genetic code for one:

Protein

The complementary base pairing of DNA is:

A-T and G-C

The complementary base pairing of DNA with mRNA is:

A-U and G-C

Human cells that usually do not undergo mitosis in an adult are:

Nerve cells and muscle cells

The cell organelle most directly associated with the destruction of damaged cellular proteins is the:

Proteasome

The function of the microvilli of a cell is to:

Increase the surface area of the cell membrane

In the body, the process of diffusion is responsible for the movement of:

Oxygen and CO2

A cell that has the potential to develop into several different kinds of cells is a:

Stem cell

The cells lining the small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids by the process of:

Active transport

An endocrine gland has:

No duct

An example of and exocrine gland is the:

Salivary gland

The type of epithelium in which the surface cells alternate from round to flat is:

Transitional

The type of connective tissue with a liquid matrix called plasma is:

Blood

Axon, dendrite, and cell body are three parts of:

A neuron

The type of connective tissue with a solid matrix made of calcium salts is:

Bone

The type of muscle tissue also known as voluntary muscle is:

Skeletal

The membrane that lines the digestive tract is a:

Mucous membrane

The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the:

Parietal pleura

In the fallopian tube, an egg cell is moved toward the uterus by:

Ciliated epithelium

To increase their surface area for absorption l, columnar cells in the small intestine have:

Microvilli

The strong tissue that forms tendons and ligaments is:

Fibrous connective tissue

The type of epithelium that makes up the outer layer of skin is:

Stratified squamous

The tissue that is thin enough to form capillaries and permit exchanges of materials is:

Simple squamous epithelium

The type of muscle tissue that produces a significant amount of body heat is:

Skeletal

Cardiac muscle is found in:

The heart only

The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are the:

Meninges

The space between two neurons where a neurotransmitter carries the impulse is called a:

Synapse

The tissue that transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body:

Blood

The type of muscle tissue that provides peristalsis in the intestines is:

Smooth

The type of connective tissue that stores excess energy in the form of fat is:

Adipose

The membrane that lines a joint cavity and produces fluid is the _____ membrane.

Synovial

The tissue in the wall of the trachea that keeps it open is:

Cartilage

The type of connective tissue beneath mucous membranes that contains many white blood cells is:

Areolar

The largest bones of the arm and the leg are the:

Humerus/ femur

The nutrients that become part of the bone matrix are:

Calcium and phosphorus

The cells that produce bone matrix and those that reansorb bone matrix are called:

Osteoblasts/ osteoclasts

Red bone marrow is found in the:

Spongy bone in flat and irregular bones

Red bone marrow produces these cells:

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

All of the following are irregular bones except:

A.) verterbrae

B.) zygomatic bones

C.) metacarpals

D.) maxillae

C.) metacarpals

The malleus, incus, and stapes are within the _____ bone and are concerned with _____.

Temporal bone/ hearing

Sutures are the _____ joints of the _____

Immovable/ skull

The fontanels of a baby’s skull are made of:

Fibrous connective tissue

The vitamin necessary for efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is:

D

An example of a ball and socket joint of the one between the:

Femur and hip bone

For bones, the terms “exercise” or “stress” mean:

Bearing weight

These bones are all part of the axial skeleton except the:

A.) sternum

B.) skull

C.) hip bone

D.) sacrum

Hip bone

In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made of :

Cartilage

Which bone is not part of the brain case that protects the brain?

Mandible

Which hormone increases the rate of mitosis in growing bones?

Growth hormone

Which of these joints is not a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis)?

A.) hinge

B.) symphysis

C.) saddle

D.) pivot

B.)Symphysis

In the long bones of a child, the part of the bone that is actually growing is the:

Epiphyseal disc

The hormones that regulate blood calcium level by regulating calcium intake or output from bones are:

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

The structure not directly involved in the functioning of a synovial joint is the:

Marrow canal

The largest and strongest vertebrae are the:

Lumbar

Which of the following bones do not protect an internal organ?

A.) vertebrae

B.) ribs

C.) sternum

D.) phalanges

D.) phalanges

The ligaments that connect bones are anchored to the:

Periosteum

The pituitary gland is directly protected by the:

Sphenoid bone

The intervertebral discs are made of:

Cartilage