History Quizzes for EPPP

Which statement best reflects the difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Structuralism examined the parts of conscious experience, whereas functionalism examined the purposes of mental processes.

A student in an early psychology lab is asked to describe the basic sensations, feelings, and images that occur while tasting an apple. This approach is most closely associated with - 

Wilhelm Wundt and introspection

A psychologist says that perception cannot be understood by breaking experience into separate parts because people naturally perceive organized wholes. This view is most consistent with - 

Gestalt psychology

A student feels tempted to skip class and sleep in, but also feels guilty and finally decides to attend because it is the practical choice. In Freud’s model, the practical mediator is the - 

superego

Which statement best matches later psychodynamic perspectives such as object relations, Adlerian, and Jungian psychology?

They expanded psychoanalytic thought beyond Freud’s original focus on instinctual drives alone.

A student becomes anxious whenever the teacher enters the room because the teacher was previously paired with harsh criticism. This example is most closely related to --

classical conditioning associated with Pavlov and Watson.

Which statement best captures one major difference between cognitive psychology and behaviorism?

Cognitive psychology studies internal mental processes, whereas behaviorism focused mainly on observable behavior.

A therapist helps a client identify distorted beliefs such as “If I fail once, I am a complete failure,” and replace them with more realistic thoughts. This approach is most closely associated with - 

Beck and Ellis

Which idea is most closely associated with Carl Rogers?

Psychological growth is supported by empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Maslow is best known for emphasizing - 

the hierarchy of needs and self-actualization.

Which figure is most closely associated with establishing an early psychology laboratory and helping psychology emerge as an independent discipline?

Wilhelm  Wundt

John Stuart Mill and David Hume are important in the origins of psychology largely because they influenced psychology through - 

philosophical ideas about experience, association, and the mind.

John Locke’s idea of tabula rasa suggests that - 

children are born with a blank slate shaped largely by experience.

Descartes’ dualism is the view that - 

mind and body are distinct but related aspects of human existence.

Which idea is most associated with Aristotle’s contribution to psychology?

Knowledge comes partly from observation and reasoning about the natural world.

Compared with Freud, Jung placed greater emphasis on - 

archetypes, symbolism, and the collective dimension of the psyche

Darwin’s ideas helped shape psychology by encouraging interest in - 

adaptation, individual differences, and continuity between humans and animals

Immanuel Kant is important in psychology because he argued that - 

the mind actively organizes experience rather than merely receiving it passively

Edward Bradford Titchener is most closely associated with-  

structuralism

Alfred Binet’s work was originally intended to

identify schoolchildren who might need educational support

William James emphasized that psychology should study - 

the purposes of consciousness and behavior in helping organisms adapt

In the history of psychology, early philosophical interest in the senses was important mainly because it - 

led scholars to ask how humans gain knowledge about the external world

Which question best reflects a classic historical concern about the senses?

How does sensory experience contribute to knowledge and perception?

Which statement best describes psychological perspectives in the history of the field?

They reflect different ways of explaining behavior and mental processes.

A historian of psychology would identify behaviorism as a reaction against approaches that relied too heavily on - 

introspection and subjective reports of consciousness.

In broad historical comparisons, Eastern traditions often differed from Western traditions in psychology-related thought by placing relatively greater emphasis on - 

harmony, balance, and interconnectedness of mind and body.

A useful historical contrast between Eastern and Western approaches is that Western thought often emphasized - 

logic, analysis, and the individual mind more strongly than many Eastern traditions did.

Which development during the Renaissance most helped prepare the way for modern psychology?

Greater interest in human experience, anatomy, and empirical observation.

German philosophy influenced psychology by contributing ideas about -

how the mind structures experience and how knowledge is possible.

Romanticism influenced the history of psychology by stressing - 

emotion, individuality, imagination, and subjectivity.

Existentialism is most concerned with questions about -

meaning, freedom, responsibility, and human existence.

A psychologist influenced by existentialism would be most interested in which question?

How do people confront freedom, anxiety, and the search for meaning?

Phrenology was the mistaken belief that - 

personality traits could be inferred from bumps on the skull 

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that - 

bodily reactions come first, and perceiving them creates emotion.

Gestalt psychology is best known for the idea that -  

the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

According to Sue et al. (2024), which example best reflects racism in counseling and psychotherapy through pathologizing collectivism?

Viewing family-centered decision making as unhealthy dependence instead of a cultural strength.