Research Methods and Designs

What are common research designs or methods to answer questions on Efficacy? (4)

Randomized controlled trials

Nonrandomized controlled trials

Pretest/posttest without a control group

Single subject design

What are common research methods/designs to test the usefulness of an assessment? (4)

Psychometric methods

Reliability studies

Validity studies

Sensitivity and Specificity studies

What are common research designs/methods for testing the description of a condition? (3)

Incidence and prevalence studies

Group comparisons (of existing groups)

Surveys and interviews

What common research designs/methods are best to test the prediction of an outcome? (2)

Correlational and regression studies

Cohort studies

What common research designs/methods are best to test the lived experience of a client? (4)

Qualitative studies

Ethnography

Phenomenology

Narrative

What is the highest level (level 1) evidence in the standard levels of evidence hierarchy?

Systematic review

What is the level 2 evidence in the standard levels of evidence hierarchy?

Randomized controlled trials

What is the level 3 evidence in the standard levels of evidence hierarchy?

Nonrandomized controlled trials

What is the level 4 evidence in the standard levels of evidence hierarchy?

Pretest and posttest

What is the level 5 evidence in the standard levels of evidence hierarchy?

Case reports and/or expert opinions

Besides the type of study design, what are other factors that affect the quality of the study? (3)

Sample size

Confidence intervals

Blinding

Do predictive studies measure cause-and-effect well?

No