Fluid and Acid-Base Balance Quiz

The _____________ forms a barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid.

wall of the capillary

The _____________ forms a barrier between the interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid.

cell membrane

Fluid balance is maintained by regulating the _____________  of the extracellular fluid.

volume and osmolarity

The plasma contains ___________ that are not found in the interstitial fluid.

proteins

A hypertonic extracellular environment is caused by ___________.

dehydration

A hypertonic extracellular environment causes ___________ the cells it surrounds.

water to exit 

A hypotonic extracellular environment causes ___________ the cells it surrounds.

water to move into 

A high hydrogen ion concentration ___________________.

results in a lower pH

A low hydrogen ion concentration ___________________.

results in a higher pH

A low hydrogen ion concentration ___________________.

causes a fluid to be alkaline or basic

A high hydrogen ion concentration ___________________.

causes a fluid to be acidic

Carbonic acid dissociates into ______________.

hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

Acidosis occurs when the pH ______________.

falls below 7.35

Alkalosis occurs when the pH ______________.

rises above 7.45

The main source of hydrogen ions ______________.

is the carbon dioxide waste product that forms during aerobic respiration

The pH of the urine is prevented from falling too low by the _______________.

phosphate buffer system

The most important buffer system in the body is the _______________.

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Bicarbonate ions can pick up unbound hydrogen ions to _______________.

prevent the extracellular fluid from becoming too acidic

Chemical buffer systems resist changes in pH _______________.

by accepting and releasing hydrogen ions

Carbonic acid can release hydrogen ions to _______________.

prevent the extracellular fluid from being too alkaline or basic

The respiratory system regulates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid by either retaining or removing  __________ from the body.

carbon dioxide

The peripheral chemoreceptors are able to detect changes in the _______________ concentration of the blood.

oxygen  

The volume of the extracellular fluid is regulated by _________________.

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the glomerular filtration rate

Regulating the volume of the extracellular fluid is important for the _________________.

long-term control of blood pressure

The osmolarity or concentration of the extracellular fluid controls the movement of ________________ into and out of the cells.

water