Elements, compounds and separation

See blended learning 1.1

What is an atom?

A central nucleus with orbiting electrons in shells

What is a molecule?

Small groups of atoms that are chemically bonded together

What is an ion?

A charged particle

What charge does an ion have when it has lost electrons?

Positive

What charge does an ion have when it has gained electrons?

Negative

What is an element?

A substance that is made up of one type of atom

What is a compound?

Substances that contain two or more elements that are chemically bonded together

What is a mixture?

Different substances that are not chemically bonded together

What does filtration use?

Filter paper and funnel

What does filtration separate?

An insoluble solid from a liquid

What does simple distillation use?

Evaporation and condensation

What does simple distillation separate?

A liquid from a solution

What does fractional distillation use that is different to simple distillation?

Fractioning column

What does fractional distillation separate?

Liquid from two miscible liquids

Why does fractional distillation work?

Because the liquids have different boiling points

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

78 degrees

What does chromatography use?

Chromatography paper and a solvent

What does chromatography separate?

Mixtures of coloured compounds

Rf ​= distance moved by the solvent

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distance moved by the substance​ What does Rf stand for?

Retardian factor