bio - DNA replication, transcription, translation

Replication steps

1) Helicase unwinds the DNA molecule

2) Helicase "unzips" the antiparallel strands

3) Free floating nucleotides bond to a parent in a 5' to 3' direction (aided by DNA polymerase)

4) Ligase seals the strands

What breaks H bonds?

Helicase

Leading strand

daughter made in 4 solid pieces

Lagging strand

okazagi fragment

Transcription

DNA to RNA

gets code into cytoplasm so protein can be made

2 sides to the DNA

1) sense

2) antisense

sense

code for proteins (DNA/genes)

antisense

DNA that is transcribed

triplet

group of 3 nucleotides in DNA that code for amino acids

Transcription steps

1) Helicase unwinds/unzips

2) RNA polymerase transcribes only one side of the DNA (antisense)

3) Free floating RNA nucleotides combine with compliment on DNA strand

4) mRNA processing

methly-guanosine cap & poly A attached

prevent corruption in cytoplasm

_____ taken out and _____ put together

introns, exons

introns

nucleotides that don't code for amino acids

exons

nucleotides that do code for amino acids

Translation

RNA to protein

codons

group of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that code for amino acids

Translation steps

1) initiation - ribosome reads the mRNA start codon.

2) elongation - more & more amino acids are bound together.

3) termination - ribosome reads the "stop" codon & releases the amino acid sequence.

Still learning (9)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!