Ap psychology unit 5

Stress

Eustress

Positive stress that mothers us to achieve goals improve performance or enhance well being

Distress

Negative stress that exceeds in individuals ability to cope effectively leads to feelings of anxiety frustration or overwhelm

Adverse childhood experiences

Potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17)

Ex - substances use, mental health, instability due to parental separation

General adaptation syndrome

Fight, flight, freeze response

P1 alarm

Sympathetic system is activated heart rate increasing (ready to fight)

P2 resistance

Temperature, respiration, blood pressure, remain high, hormones pumped into bloodstream, as time passes your reserves begin to dwindle

P3 exhaustion

More vulnerable to disease illness or even death

Tend and befriend

Peroposes that in response to stress individuals especially women are predisposed to seek social connections and support (befriending) and nurture other (tending)

Problem focused coping

Actively managing or altering stressful situations through direct actions or problems solving strategies

Emotion focused coping

Involves regulating emotional responses to stressors rather than altering the stressors themselves

Positive psychology

Increases well being ,resilience ,positive emotions, psychological health

Gratitude

Recognizing and appreciating the positive aspects of life and the kindness of others

Signature strength (courage)

Bravery, honesty, perseverance, zest,

Signature strength (Humanity)

Kindness, social intelligence, love

Signature strength (Justice)

Fairness, leadership, teamwork

Signature strength (temperance)

Forgiveness, humility, prudence, self regulation

Signature strength (Transcendence)

Appreciate of beauty & excellence, hope, humor, gratitude, spirituality

Signature strength (Wisdom)

Creativity, curiosity, perspective, judgement, love of learning

Deviant

Behavior goes against norms

Distressful

Causes the person anguish/stress

Dysfunctional

Gets in the way of day to day functioning

International classification of mental disorders

Developed by the World Health Organization to classify mental health disorders. These classifications system are updated regularly to be responsive to new research and practice advances

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Used across multiple health fields as systems to categorize and classify psychological disorders

Biopsychosocial model

This model states that biology, psychology, and society, and all work together to influence psychological disorders

Diathesis stress model

Assumes that psychological disorders develop due to a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) in combination with stressful life experiences (stress)

Biological perspective

Genetic or physiological predisposition

Behavioral perspective

Maladaptive learned association

Cognitive perspective

Maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes or emotions

Psychodynamic

Unresolved childhood conflicts and unconscious thoughts

Humanistic perspective

Lack of support and the inability to fulfill one’s potential

Evolutionary perspective

Maladaptive forms of behaviors that enabled human survival

Sociocultural perspectives

Problematic social and cultural contexts

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Focus on whether exhibited behaviors are appropriate for age or maturity levels. The symptomss may manifest themselves through emotions, learning ability self control and memory

Schizophrenia

Thoughts and emotions are so affected that contact with reality is lost

Bipolar 1

Requires the presence of a manic episode and may be diagnosed without the presence of depression

Bipolar 2

Requires the presence of hypomanic episodes and a depressive episode

Anxiety disorders

Panic disorder- heart pounding

Phobias - fear of specific objects

GAD - dread/ panic that is pretty constant

Obsessive compulsive

Intrusive thoughts that lead to intrusive behaviors

Dissociative disorder

Presence of two or more distinct personalities

Post traumatic stress disorder

Exposure to actual or threatened death serious injury or sexual violence either

Feeding and eating disorders - Anorexia

restrictions of energy intake (food) leading to significant low body weight

Feeding and eating disorders - bulimia

eats regular but compensate by throwing up/ uses laxatives

Personality disorders

Patterns of internal experience and behavior that are deviant from one’s culture, pervasive and inflexible, begin in adolescence or early childhood are stable over time

Cluster A - odd or eccentric (personality disorders)

paranoid, distrust

schizoid, avoidance of social activity

Schizotypal, odd ways of communicating/thinking

Cluster B - dramatic emotional or erratic (personality disorders)

Anti social, disregard for Others

Histrionic, attention seeking

Narcissistic, inflated sense of self importance

Borderline, emotional instability

Cluster C - fearful or anxious (personality disorders)

Avoidant, feeling inadequate and socially judged

Dependent, feeling of helplessness

Obsessive compulsion, focused on order