8.4 - Spread of Communism after 1900

Kuomintang

Chinese Nationalist Party that fought the communists for control of China

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist leader who fought Chinese communists and later retreated to Taiwan

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Political party founded in 1921 that led the communist revolution in China

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese communists who founded the People's Republic of China in 1949

May Fourth Movement

1919 Chinese student protest movement that promoted anti-imperialism, nationalism, and interest in Marxism

People’s Republic of China

Communist state established in 1949 after the Chinese Communist victory in the civil war

Great Leap Forward

Mao's campaign to collectivize agriculture and rapidly industrialize China through rural communes

Cultural Revolution

Mao's campaign to enforce communist ideology and purge perceived enemies in China

Red Guards

Groups of revolutionary students in the Cultural Revolution

Communes

Large collective farming units where land and labor were organized under state control

Ho Chi Minh

Vietnamese communist nationalist leader who fought French rule and led North Vietnam

Haile Selassie

Ethiopian emperor whose failure to reform landholding helped spark socialist revolution

Mengistu Haile Mariam

Ethiopian Marxist ruler who led a socialist regime after overthrowing Haile Selassie

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Western-backed ruler of Iran who launched modernization and land reform programs in the 1960s

White Revolution

Shah-led Iranian reform program that redistributed land and expanded education and women's rights

Theocracy

A form of government in which religion is the supreme authority

Mohammad Mossadegh

The prime minister of Iran who vowed to nationalize oil, before being overthrown and replaced by Pahlavi, due to the U.S. and Britain

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Egyptian leader who overthrew the monarchy and promoted Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism