Biotechnology, Genetics, Probability

biotechnology

is the use and application of living things and biological processes. Ex. cloning, selective breeding

artificial selection

is the process of selecting and breeding organisms that have certain desired traits.

genetic engineering

is the process where a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, or industry

clone

is an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one it was taken (derived) from.

DNA

the genetic material in cells is contained in this molecule. Its shape is a "double helix."

Punnett Square

a graphic used to predict possible genotypes of offspring of a given cross.

probability

is the mathematical likelihood of an event occurring.

Pedigree

this graphic traces the occurrence of a trait through multiple generations of a family.

heredity

the passing of genetic material from parents to offspring.

genes

small segments of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for specific traits in the organism.

alleles

the different versions of a gene. Ex. blue and green eyes

genotype

the combination of alleles you inherit from your parents.

phenotype

the observable traits you inherit from your parents.

asexual reproduction

a form of reproduction where only 1 parent donates the genetic info, resulting in identical offspring to itself.

fertilization

when a sperm and egg cell join together.

23 chromosomes

a sex cell chromosome count in humans, created by meiosis.

46 chromosomes

a body cell chromosome count in humans, created by mitosis.

mutation

a genetic "mistake" in the DNA.