authorotarian regimes reading quizzes

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of an authoritarian regime?

The regime limits participation, competition, and liberty for individuals.

Political power is controlled by a person or a small group of people who are unaccountable to the public.

What is an example of clientelism?

The state offers jobs to people who support the ruling party.

Which of the following best defines a theocracy?

A state where religious leaders hold ultimate authority

What is an example of an illiberal or hybrid regime?

The president and legislators are elected, but the votes are typically rigged.

Why did Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s popularity decline by the late 1970s?

The shah's brutal suppression of political opposition undermined his regime's legitimacy.

 

The shah's modernizing reforms threatened the power of Iran's merchants and clerics.

What describes the jurist guardianship (valayat-e faqih)

Jurist guardianship holds that Muslim clerics should make sure the government operates in accordance with Islam.

Jurist guardianship is the underlying principle of Iran's political regime.

How are regional governors chosen in Iran?

They are appointed by a minister in the national cabinet.

What pose significant threats to Iran’s legitimicy?

Economic difficulties in the face of international sanctions

Separatist movements among ethnic minorities

The growing popularity of Sunni Islam

What is the majority religion in Iran?

Shia Islam

Who is Ebrahim Raisi?

Raisi is a conservative who is closely aligned with Iran’s clerical establishment (valayat-e faqih)

What describes Iran’s supremes leadeR?

The supreme leader must be a high-ranking Shia Muslim cleric.

 

The supreme leader chooses the head of the judiciary and half of the members of the Guardian Council.

What describes Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

It controls significant economic assets as well as military power.

What is true about the guardian counsel?

The Guardian Council can send legislation back to the Majlis for revision.

The Guardian Council’s members serve six-year terms.

The Guardian Council can reject any candidate for office in Iran.

What describes the relationship between Iran’s president and its supreme leader?

the president sometimes advocates reformist policies, but the conservative supreme leader is ultimately more powerful

What institutions are elected by the Iranian people?

Assembly of experts

Majiles

How are members of the Majiles selected

By a combination of single and mutli member district elections

Why was Irans 2009 presidential election controversial?

Critics accused the government of manipulating the votes

What describes political parties in Iran?

political parties in Iran are weakly instiutiaonlized and shift frequently

What describes the Green Movement in Iran?

A diffuse social movement without an instiutionalized organizational structure

What descirbes the enforcement of conservative social norms in Iran?

The regime genreally embraces conservative social norms, but enforment varies depending on the political climate

What political rights do Iranian women have?

voting, serving in the majiles

What is the majority ethnicity in Iran?

Persian

What are bonyads

Chariatble foundations partially controlled by the state

 

Which Iranian president is most closely associated with economic liberalization policies?

Mohammad Khatami

What has the international community offered Iran in exchange for pausing its nuclear program?

Reduced economic santions on Iran

What beneifts does Iran’s social welfare system provide?

State funded health care for almost all citizens

pensions for most retirees

gasoline subsidies

what describes population policies in Iran

Since 1979 revolution, the government has shifted between promoting birth control and encouraging larger families

What is brain drain

the tendency for highly educated people to leave their countries because of corruption, repression, or economic stagnation

What was russias political history like prior to the soviet union?

a long history of authoritarian rule, with a few democratic institutions or traditions

what describes russias program of economic liberalization under Boris Yeltisn

The state rapibldy undid economic regulations, resuting in instabilty and considerable inequality

what are some sources of power for Vlad putin

traditionalist and nationalist rhetoric, which has won support from many russian citizens

loyalty from putins allies in state positions who benefit from opportunities for corruption

what are some characteristics of assymetrical federalism in russia

some subnational governments have more power and autonomy than others

subnational governemnts excercise constituinally protected powers

what was the prime goal of creating federal districts in russia in 2000

to facilitate more direct control by the central government

what best describes russias executive power arrangement

semi-presedntial system

how is russias head of government selected

the head of governmetn it nominated by the head of state and confirmed by the lower house of hte legislature

how has vladimir putin undermiend checks and balances in russias political system since 2000

by amending the constitituion to limit the constituional courts power of judicial review

by indirectly increasing the presidents contorl over appointments to the federation council

what is the funciton russias supreme court

to hear final appeals on specific legal cases

what best describes the electoral system for the lower house of russias legislature

russia has changed its electoral system for the lower house multiple times since the fall of the ussr

how has vlaidmir putin held onto power

putin has positioned himself as a defender of traditinoal russian and christian values

putin has benefited from rising oil prices, which have increased russias state revenue

putin has embraced an increasingly aggressive foreign policy to gain support from nationalists

which part has controlled the duma since 2003

united russia

what best describes russias political party system

united russia dominates the duma, other political parties exist but do not serioulsy threaten its power

the russian states changing relatinoship with the immortal regimetn is an example of an authoriarian regime

co-opting a social movement

what is crimea

a peninsula on the black sea

what best describes how political participation in russia has changed since 2000

the state has increasingly used legal mechanisms to restrict political participation and criticism of the government

what is the dominant religon in Chechnya

islam

What economic policies has vladimir putin implemented?

providing incentives to increase russia’s fertility rate

reducing the economic influence of yeltsin era oligarchs

increasing state control over oil and gas resources

what is a rentier state

a state the depends on revenues from exporting or leasing oil and gas

what pose threats to russias economy?

foreign sanctions, especially in the energy sector, harm russias ability to generate export revenue

lower birth rates threaten the stability of russias social welfare program

what policy proposals have generated significant criticism from the russian public?

raising the retirement age

What help explain the collaps of imperial china

infringements of chinas sovereignty by western powers and japan beginning in the 19th century

peasant unrest in the face of economic decline

which socieconomic class provided the main base of support for the CCP in the 1920s and 30s

peasant farmers

How did China change under Deng Xiapings government

Deng began to implemetn a program of economic liberlization

chinas political regime became more orderly and instiutionalized

what is a source of legitimacy for chinas government in the 21st century

economic growth

what are some accurate descriptions of chinas political regime

CCP is most powerful influence in the state

STate and CCP use strong anti-corruption measures to bolster legitimicy

Economic growth has helped the regime gain support from China’s growing middle class

What best describes china’s political regime

most decisions are made by communist party elites and then translated into state policy

what was distinctive about hte 2017 national party congress of the chinese communist party

it took steps that paved the way for xi jinping to rule china longer than expected

who is chinas head of state

the premier

how are delegates to chinas national peoples congress chosen

they are elected by provincial peoples congresses

what best describes chinas judicial system?

the judiciary operates according to a uniform set of rules but generally serves the interests of the ccp

what is the most plausible reason as to why chians regimes holds some competitive local elections?

to improve the regimes legitimacy by addressing local issues

what accuraltely describes chinas political party system

there are several legal political parties, but the communist party effectively monopolizes the power

what best describes the membership of the communist party in china?

the communist part includes growing numbers of scholars, professionals, and entrepreneurs

what is the legal stat of NGOs in China

NGOs are legal but restricted to non political activities

Why has Chinas governmetn pursued repressive policies in Xinjian

chinas government fears the spread of religious extremism and terrorism among the predominantly muslim uighurs

by demanding greater autonomy of xinjiang, uighur nationlaists pose a threat to chinas sovereignty

sinjiang holds natural resources tha re important to chinas economic developement

how has chinas gov restricted civil rights and liberties

repression of minority relgions, such as buddhism and islam

targeted arrests of journalists and intellectuals hwo criticise the government

extensive online surveillance and censorship

some statements about tivet and xinjiang

both provinces have attracted significant investment from the chinese state inrecent years

both provinces have significant religious and thenic minority pops

both have seperatist movements

 

Which of the following trends in Chinese history and politics does Jack Ma's story help illustrate?

chinas govenrment is willing to use power to constrain the influence of its critics

economic liberlization has created oppurtunities for entrepreneurs to become tremendously wealhty

when was the household responbisity systme introduced in china

during the deng xiaping era

what are special economic zones

areas in china where foreing investemnt is encouraged

what are effecst of chinas rapid economci developement over last 30 years

increasing migration from rural to urban areas

growing inequality between hte rich and the poor

environmental issues like pollution and deforestation

what best describes the chines states role in the economy

private businesses account for most economic activity, whil the state controsl some key sectors and stratgiaclly directs many investments

what is a hukou

a document that indicates that person legally resides in a particular area of china

what best explains why chinas government has struggled to effectively protect environment

local officials want to promote economic growht more than they want to reduce pollution