General Psychology: Chapter 1

A correlation coefficient close to either -1.00 or 1.00 is termed a _____ correlation.

strong

A hypothesis is BEST defined as a:

statement that can be used to test a prediction

A sample whose characteristics are the same as those of the population it is intended to reflect is called a _____ sample.

representative

An approach that attempts to explain behavior but is without empirical support is labeled:

pseudo psychology

A researcher finds a correlation of -.51. Which pair of variables is the researcher MOST likely investigating?

alcohol consumption and GPA

A(n) _____ correlation results when there is no relationship between two variables.

zero

At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of:

free will

Brenda says, "Psychology is the study of behavior." Chase responds, "No, psychologists study emotions." Which statement BEST evaluates these two remarks?

Brenda's statement is too narrow. Chase's is also too narrow.

Characteristics of the environment or the participants that might interfere with an experiment's outcome are called ____ variables.

extraneous

Descriptive statistics:

summarize a set of data

In an experiment, the dependent variable is:

measured by the researcher

In an experiment, the independent variable is:

deliberately manipulated by the researcher

Which of the following is a component of informed consent?

a statement of the potential risks of participating in the study

The purpose of random assignment is to:

ensure that participant characteristics are equivalent across the experimental and control groups

The process psychologists use to conduct research is called:

the scientific method

The process of redoing and expanding on a study to see if its results hold up in different conditions with new samples is called:

replication

The process of weighing, synthesizing, and evaluating evidence is called _____ thinking.

critical

The largest area of specialization in psychology is _____ psychology.

clinical/counseling

The formal beginning of psychology is associated with:

Wilhelm Wundt

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

-1.00; 1.00

Sigmund Freud based much of his theory on intensive analyses of individual patients. The psychoanalytic perspective, therefore, is built on a foundation of:

case studies

Psychology is defined as the:

scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Numerology is:

a pseudo psychology.

Naturalistic observation entails:

examining behaviors in the setting in which they typically occur.

Irving has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink, the more aggressive they seem to be. Which research method would aim at verifying the relationship between these two variables?

correlational research