DIGEST THOUGHT LMQ

A CONDITION WHERE THE SKIN BECOMES YELLOW, SUCH AS WHEN BILE CIRCULATES THROUGH THE BODY IS CALLED

jaundice

DEFINE: HEPATITIS

inflammation of liver

DEFINE: CIRRHOSIS

severe, chronic liver damage where it becomes fibrous

EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL DRINKING FOR MANY YEARS CAN CAUSE WHICH DISORDER OF THE LIVER?

cirrhosis

_________________ IS A CONDITION THAT RUSHES UNDIGESTED FOOD RESIDUE THROUGH THE LARGE INTESTINE BEFORE IT HAS HAD SUFFICIENT TIME TO ABSORB WATER

diarrhea

________________ OCCURS WHEN FOOD RESIDUE REMAINS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE FOR EXTENDED PERIODS AND EXCESSIVE WATER IS ABSORBED AND THE STOOL BECOMES HARD AND DIFFICULT TO PASS

constipation

DEFINE: APPENDICITIS

inflammation of appendix

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF APPENDICITIS?

obstruction or blockage in appendix lining, which causes bacteria to multiply rapidly

GIVE 4 FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

WHAT IS CHYME?

creamy food mass that has been processed by stomach and enters small intestine

WHAT IS DEGLUTITION?

swallowing

______________ ARE LOCAL CONSTRICTIONS OF AN ORGAN WALL IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT THAT SERVE MAINLY TO MIX FOODSTUFFS WITH DIGESTIVE JUICES AND INCREASE THE RATE OF ABSORPTION

segmental movements

THE TAKING IN OF FOODSTUFFS INTO THE BODY IS CALLED _

ingestion

WHAT PROCESS DOES PHYSICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?

mastication in mouth, churning in stomach

WHAT PROCESS DOES CHEMICAL  BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?

enzymatic hydrolysis

____________ IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH FOOD UNDERGOES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN  INTO SMALLER DIFFUSIBLE MOLECULES

digestion

THE PASSING THROUGH THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE LINING OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT AND DISTRIBUTION VIA THE BLOOD TO THE BODY'S CELLS OF THE END PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION IS KNOWN AS

absorption

WHAT ANATOMICAL TERM IS USED SYNONYMOUSLY WITH ALIMENTARY CANAL?

gastrointestinal tract

NAME FIVE ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS OR STRUCTURES

teeth, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN A CADAVER?

9 meters

NAME THE THE ALIMENTARY CANAL TUNICS

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

THE INNERMOST TUNIC/ LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED THE

mucosa

WHAT DOES THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CONSIST OF?

mesothelium, connective tissue

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

reduces friction of mobile digestive system

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

anchors and protects surrounded organ

WHAT IS THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL COMPOSED OF?

moderately dense connective tissue containing blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ?

supplies blood to mucosa

WHAT DOES THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CONSIST OF?

coarse fibrous connective tissue

WHAT IS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA COMPOSED OF?

bilayer of smooth muscle consisting of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA LAYER IF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

propels food through digestive tract by peristalsis

THE OUTERMOST COVERING OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED

serosa, adventitia

OUTSIDE THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY, THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED?

adventitia

ANOTHER NAME FOR THE MUCOSA LAYER OF THE GI TRACT IS _____

mucous membrane

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCOSA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL (GIVE ONLY ONE)

absorption of nutrients

NAME THREE OF THE PARTS THAT CONSTITUTE THE MUSCOSA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

__________  IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UPON WHICH THE EPITHELIAL LAYER OF MUCOSA RESTS

lamina propria

THE TINY LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE FOUND IN THE MUCOSA LAYER IS CALLED?

muscularis mucosae

WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE SUBMUSCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

submucosal plexus

WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

myenteric plexus

WHAT IS THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ALSO KNOWN AS?

visceral peritoneum

NAME ONE STRUCTURE FOUND INSIDE THE ORAL CAVITY

tongue

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIPS/ LABIA?

guard oral cavity

WHAT FORMS THE LATERAL WALLS OF THE ORAL CAVITY?

cheeks

WHAT FORMS THE ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY?

hard and soft palate

NAME ONE STRUCTURE THE TONGUE IS ATTACHED TO

mandible

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SOFT PALATE?

close off the nasopharynx during swallowing

WHAT IS THE FINGER‐LIKE PROJECTION OF THE SOFT PALATE THAT EXTENDS INFERIORLY AT THE POSTERIOR MARGIN OF THE ORAL

uvula

WHAT OCCUPIES THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY?

tongue

NAME THE MUSCLE THAT SUPPORTS THE TONGUE

mylohyoid muscle

A MEMBRANE CALLED THE ____________ SECURES THE INFERIOR MIDLINE OF THE TONGUE TO THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY

lingual frenulum

THE SPACE BETWEEN THE LIPS AND CHEEKS AND THE TEETH IS CALLED THE  _______________

vestibule of oral cavity

THE AREA THAT LIES WITHIN THE TEETH AND GUMS IS CALLED THE ____________

oral cavity proper

ON EACH END OF THE MOUTH AT IT'S POSTERIOR ARE FOUND MASSES OF LYMPHOID TISSUE CALLED THE

palatine tonsils

THE PALATINE TONSILS ARE FOUND IN A CONCAVE AREA BOUNDED ANTERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY BY WHAT MEMBRANES? (NAME ONLY ONE)

palatoglossal arch

A MASS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE, THE ______________ COVERS THE BASE OF THE TONGUE, POSTERIOR TO THE ORAL CAVITY PROPER

lingual tonsil

THE INFLAMING AND ENLARGMENT OF THE PALATINE TONSILS IS CALLED_______________

tonsilitis

GIVE ONE OF THE THREE REGIONS THE PHARYNX IS DIVIDED INTO

nasopharynx

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE GULLET?

esophagus

HOW LONG IS THE ESOPHAGUS IN HUMANS?

25 cm

THE ______________ IS A SLIGHT THICKENING OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYER AT THE ESOPHAGUS‐STOMACH JUNCTION THAT CONTROLS FOOD PASSAGE INTO THE STOMACH

cardiac sphincter

NAME ONE REGION OF THE STOMACH

cardiac region

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?

protein digestion

NAME ONE PART OF THE PYLORIC REGION OF THE STOMACH

pyloric sphincter

WHAT STRUCTURE DIVIDES THE STOMACH FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE?

pyloric sphincter

NAME THE CONCAVE LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURFACES OF THE STOMACH

lesser and greater curvature

NAME ONE OF THE MESENTERIES THAT EXTEND FROM THE STOMACH

greater omentum

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE OBLIQUE LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE STOMACH?

churning of food

WHAT DO THE GASTRIC GLANDS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?

pepsinogen

THE INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN IS CALLED _______________

pepsinogen

THE PROTEIN DIGESTING ENZYME OF THE STOMACH IS CALLED ______

pepsin

WHAT DO THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?

viscous mucus

WHAT DOES THE VISCOUS MUCUS PRODUCED BY THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PREVENT?

damage to stomach lining

WHAT DO THE CHIEF (ZYMOGENIC) CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/ SECRETE?

pepsinogen

WHAT DO THE PARIETAL CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/ SECRETE?

hydrochloric acid

GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

absorption of nutrients

HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN LIFE?

3-5 meters

HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN A CADAVER?

6-7 meters

NAME ONE OF THE THREE PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

duodenum

THE SMALL INTESTINE IS SUSPENDED FROM THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL BY THE FAN‐SHAPED DOUBLE LAYER OF PERITONEUM CALLED

mesentery

WHERE DOES MOST DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE TAKE PLACE (A REGION)?

duodenum

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE DUODENUM?

25 cm

IN WHICH REGION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE DOES MOST ABSORPTION TAKE PLACE?

jejunum

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE JEJUNUM?

2.5 meters

WHERE DOES MOST OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FUNCTION TAKE PLACE IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?

ileum

WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ILEUM?

3.5 meters

WHAT STRUCTURE DEMARCATES WHERE THE SMALL INTESTINE MEET THE LARGE INTESTINE?

ileocecal valve

______________ ARE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES BOUND TO THE MICROVILLI OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

brush border enzymes

WHAT DOES THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT SEND TO THE DUODENUM?

pancreatic enzymes

WHAT CANAL SENDS BILE INTO THE DUODENUM?

common bile duct

THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT AND THE BILE DUCT JOIN TO FORM THE BULB‐LIKE ____

hepatopancreatic ampulla

THE MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLAE, AN ORIFICE THAT SENDS PANCREATIC AND LIVER PRODUCTS INTO THE DUODENUM IS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSCULAR VALVE CALLED THE

hepatopancreatic sphincter

_____________ ARE MINUTE PROJECTIONS OF THE SURFACE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL LINING CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

microvilli

_____________ ARE FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS OF THE MUCOSAL TUNIC THAT GIVE IT A VELVETY APPEARANCE AND TEXTURE

villi

____________ ARE DEEP, PERMANENT FOLDS OF THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA LAYERS THAT FORCE CHYME TO SPIRAL THROUGH THE INTESTINE, MIXING IT AND SLOWING IT'S PROGRESS

plicae circularis

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VILLI, MICROVILLI AND CIRCULAR FOLDS?

increase surface area for absorption

AGGREGATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ILEUM ARE CALLED?

Peyer’s patches

NAME ONE OF THE DUODENAL LAYERS

mucosa

FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOA, THE DUODENAL GLANDS PRODUCE WHAT?

mucus

THE _______________ ARE INVAGINATED AREAS OF THE MUCOSA BETWEEN THE VILLI CONTAINING CELLS THAT PRODUCE INTESTINAL

intestinal crypts

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INTESTINAL JUICE PRODUCED BY THE INTESTINAL CRYPTS?

aids absorption from chyme