Materials of Design and Decoration Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the materials of interior design, including textiles, leather, flooring, ceramics, lighting, glass, and metals, based on the provided lecture transcript.

Textiles

Any material made of interlacing fibers.

Fabric

Any material made through various processes such as weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding.

Cloth

Refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as bedcovers or pillow cases.

Fiber

The basic element of textile; a fine hair-like strand that forms the basis of a yarn.

Staple Fibers

Short fibers randomly arranged and loosely twisted; all natural fibers except silk fall into this category.

Filament Fibers

Long and continuous fibers produced by extruding chemical solutions through a spinneret.

Spinneret

A shower-head like device used for the extrusion of filament fibers.

Spun Yarns

Yarns composed of staple fibers twisted together.

Hydrophilic

Fibers that are "water loving."

Hydrophobic

Fibers that are "water fearing."

Hygroscopic

Fibers that absorb moisture without feeling wet.

Resiliency

The ability of a fiber to return to its original shape after being bent, twisted, or crushed.

Thermoplastic

Fibers that soften and melt when heated.

Kapok

Known as "poor man's cotton," it is derived from the seed pod of a Java Kapok tree and is famously nonabsorbent.

Ramie

Also known as China grass or Grass linen, it is an inexpensive fiber substitute for flax that is $3 imes - 5 imes$ stronger than cotton.

Manila Hemp

Also known as Abaca, it is obtained from the Musa textilis plant and is highly resistant to salt water damage.

Jusi

A fabric made from banana fibers used in formal settings.

Lanolin

The excess oil found in wool that must be removed during processing.

Cashmere

Known as the "Fiber of Kings," it is sourced from the Kashmiri Goat.

Pashmina

Finest wool shorn from Himalayan Mountain Goats.

Sericulture

The growth of silk moths for their silk production.

Tussah Silk

Silk made by wild uncultivated silkworms, characterized by a rougher texture and natural tan color that cannot be bleached.

Asbestos

A mineral fiber with fluffy strands that is completely fireproof but illegal due to its link to lung cancer.

Rayon

The first synthetic fiber, often called "poor man's silk."

Nylon

Developed by E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. in $1939$, it is the strongest of all fibers.

Spandex

A manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be stretched over $500 imes$ without breaking.

Nomex

A trade name for a high temperature resistant-fiber used in firefighter's clothing and space suits.

Kevlar

A trade name for a high temperature resistant-fiber that is incredibly strong and used in bullet-resistant vests.

Felting

The matting together of fibers to form a web via moisture, pressure, and heat.

Wales

Vertical rows of stitches in a knitted fabric.

Courses

Horizontal rows of stitches in a knitted fabric.

Tricot

A warp-knitted fabric named from the French word "tricoter," meaning to knit.

Selvages

The lengthwise edges of a woven fabric.

Plain Weave

The simplest interweaving of warp and weft threads, providing an ideal background for printed fabrics.

Twill Weave

A weave resulting in a diagonal pattern that resists soil and wrinkling.

Satin Weave

A weave that emphasizes continuous weft yarn with few interruptions, creating a smooth, light-reflective surface.

Jacquard Loom

A special loom used to create figured weaves, such as tapestries and brocades.

Greige Goods

Fabrics in the stage where they come directly from the loom or knitting machines, full of blemishes and impurities.

Beetling

Also known as "pinukpok," a process where fabric is hammered with wooden mallets to close the weave and create a lustrous appearance.

Mercerizing

A process where fabrics are treated with strong caustic soda under tension to increase strength and dye absorbency.

Sanforized

A label indicating a mechanical shrink-resistant finish where the fabric has met standards of less than $1 ext{\%}$ shrinkage.

Vat Dyes

Considered the most satisfactory of all dyestuffs, providing the fastest colors for cotton and linen.

Batik Printing

A resist printing method where the fabric is spread with paraffin or wax to prevent dye penetration in specific areas.

Tanning

The process of preserving hides by replacing natural gelatinous materials to make leather strong and supple.

Full-Grain Leather

The highest quality leather that shows the genuine original grain and has the least amount of surface imperfections.

Aniline Dyes

Translucent dyes that do not obscure the natural grain pattern of leather; comparable to wood stains.

Aubusson Rug

A French rug made of wool, linen, and cotton with a weave resembling needlepoint and pastel floral designs.

Savonnerie

A hand-woven rug with a high pile and floral patterns designed for $18 ext{th}-19 ext{th}$ century palaces.

Contrapposto

A sculptural pose where the weight is shifted to one leg, first seen in the "Kritios Boy."

Cire-Perdue

A method of bronze casting also known as the "Lost Wax Process."

Greenware

The clay state where the ware is formed but has not yet undergone firing.

Bisque State

The "half-baked" state of pottery after preliminary low-range firing.

Bicottura

A ceramic tile process where the body passes through the kiln twice.

Plenum

The space between a finished ceiling and the structure above.

Footcandle

An imperial unit of light measurement representing the amount of lumens falling on an area $1 ext{ sq ft}$ away.

Annealed Glass

Glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses.

Cullet

Waste glass added to a glass mixture to assist in melting.

Ferrous

Metals derived from the Latin "ferrum," meaning they contain iron.

Tole

Decorative objects made of tin and ornamented with painted or enameled patterns.