Unit 5: Mental & Physical Health

Stress

Physical and psychological response to challenges or threats.

Alarm Reaction

First stage of stress response where body becomes activated.

Resistance Phase

Stage where body adapts to ongoing stress.

Exhaustion Phase

Stage where prolonged stress drains energy and resources.

General Adaptation Syndrome

Selye’s three-stage stress response model.

Flight-Fight-Freeze Response

Automatic survival response to danger.

Emotion-Focused Coping

Managing emotional response to stress.

Problem-Focused Coping

Directly solving source of stress.

Debilitating Stressors

Stressors harming performance and health.

Motivating Stressors

Stress improves focus and performance.

Tend-and-Befriend Theory

Stress response involving seeking support and protecting others.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic childhood experiences affecting later health.

Resilience

Ability to recover from difficulties.

Cortisol

Stress hormone released during stressful situations.

Health Psychology

Field studying how psychological factors affect health.

Positive Psychology

Study of human strengths and well-being.

Character Strengths

Positive traits supporting healthy functioning.

Signature Strengths/Virtues

Personal strengths central to identity.

Wisdom

Ability to use knowledge and judgment effectively.

Courage

Strength involving bravery and persistence.

Humanity

Strength involving compassion and kindness.

Justice

Strength involving fairness and teamwork.

Temperance

Strength involving self-control and moderation.

Transcendence

Strength involving meaning and appreciation beyond self.

Well-Being

Overall happiness and life satisfaction.

Post-Traumatic Growth

Positive psychological change after trauma.

Optimism

Expecting positive outcomes.

Learned Optimism

Developing more positive explanatory style.

Behavioral Perspective

Explains disorders through learned behaviors.

Biological Perspective

Explains disorders using genetics and brain processes.

Cognitive Perspective

Explains disorders through maladaptive thinking patterns.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Explains disorders using unconscious conflicts.

Sociocultural Perspective

Explains disorders using cultural and social influences.

Humanistic Perspective

Focuses on self-growth and personal fulfillment.

Evolutionary Perspective

Explains behaviors and disorders through adaptation.

Biopsychosocial Model

Model combining biological, psychological, and social factors.

Eclectic Approach

Combining multiple psychological perspectives.

DSM-5

Manual used to classify mental disorders.

ICD (International Classification of Mental Disorders)

Global diagnostic system by WHO.

Deviation/Deviance

Behavior differing from social norms.

Distress

Emotional suffering or discomfort.

Dysfunction

Impaired ability to function normally.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Disorders developing from vulnerability plus stress.

Maladaptive Thinking

Harmful or irrational thought patterns.

Psychological Disorder

Pattern of thoughts or behaviors causing distress or dysfunction.

Anxiety Disorders

Disorders involving excessive fear or anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent excessive worry about many topics.

Panic Disorder

Disorder involving sudden panic attacks.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Extreme fear of social situations.

Specific Phobia

Irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations where escape feels difficult.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Disorder involving obsessions and compulsions.

Obsessions

Intrusive unwanted thoughts.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors reducing anxiety.

Hoarding Disorder

Difficulty discarding possessions.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Disorder following a traumatic event.

Trauma

Deeply distressing event overwhelming coping abilities.

Depressive Disorders

Disorders involving persistent sadness.

Major Depressive Disorder

Severe depression lasting at least two weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Long-lasting chronic depression.

Bipolar Disorders

Disorders involving mood swings between depression and mania.

Bipolar I Disorder

Disorder involving full manic episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

Disorder involving hypomania and depression.

Mania

Extremely elevated mood and energy.

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

Disorders involving distorted thinking and perception.

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences.

Delusions

False fixed beliefs.

Positive Symptoms

Added abnormal behaviors.

Negative Symptoms

Loss of normal functioning.

Disorganized Thinking/Speech

Confused illogical thought patterns.

Disorganized Motor Behavior

Unusual movements or behaviors.

Dissociative Disorders

Disorders involving disruptions in consciousness or identity.

Dissociative Amnesia

Memory loss caused by stress or trauma.

Dissociative Fugue

Sudden travel with identity confusion.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Presence of multiple distinct identities.

Eating Disorders

Disorders involving unhealthy eating behaviors.

Anorexia Nervosa

Self-starvation and fear of weight gain.

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by purging.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders beginning during development affecting cognition/behavior.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Inattention and hyperactivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Social communication differences and repetitive behaviors.

Personality Disorders

Enduring unhealthy personality patterns.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd or eccentric personality disorders.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Distrust and suspicion of others.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Odd beliefs and unusual behavior.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic or emotional personality disorders.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lack of empathy and disregard for rules.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Emotional and relational instability.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity and need for admiration.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Anxious or fearful personality disorders.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Extreme fear of rejection.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive reliance on others.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Perfectionism and control.

Psychotherapy

Treatment using psychological methods.

Psychodynamic Therapies

Therapies exploring unconscious conflicts.

Free Association

Saying thoughts freely during therapy.

Dream Interpretation

Analyzing dreams for unconscious meaning.

Humanistic Perspective

Therapy emphasizing growth and acceptance.