hubi 2001

Purines (Adenine, Guanine)

Adenine

Purines (Adenine, Guanine)

Guanine

Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

Cytosine

Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

Thymine (DNA)

Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)

Uracil (RNA)

Adenine

Nucleoside = (Adenosine Deoxyadenosine), Nucleotide = (Adenylate Deoxyadenylate), Nucleic Acid (RNA, DNA).

Guanine

Nucleoside (Guanisoine Deoxyguanosine), Nucelotide (Gunaylate Deoxyguanylate) (RNA,DNA)

Cytosine

Cytidine Deoxyacytidine, Cytidylate Deoxycytidylate (RNA,DNA)

Thymine

Thymidine or deoxythymidine, Thymidylate or deoxythymidlate (DNA)

Uracil

Uridine, Uridylate, RNA

what linkage form the backbone of DNA and RNA?

Phosphodiester

dNTP

N in dNTP means any base.

dNTP

is the form of the nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups

Bond formation enabled by

DNA or RNA polymerase

oligonucleotide

<50 bases

polynucleotide

>50 bases

under basic conditions (alkaline) RNA is

rapidly hydrolyzed. RNA is very unstable because of the hydroxide group.

Strands of DNA interact through hydrogen bonds to form

double helix.

chargaff rule:

does not vary between species #A=#T,#G=#C

rosalind franklin and wilkins

helical, 2 periodicites -3.4A and 34 A.

complementary nature of 2 strands allows for faithful replication of DNA by

DNA polymerase

proteins are made in the

cytosol

RNA carries genetic information from the

nucleus to the cytosol

In eukaryotes, most messenger RNAs (mRNA) code

for 1 protein monocistronic

In prokaryotes each mRNA can code for

many proteins = polycistronic

protein coding sequnces are flanked by

non coding regulatory sequnces

base stacking interactions stabilize

helix (along the axis).

2 purines interact more strongly than

pyrimidine or 2 pyrimidines. can even “push out” an intervening pyrimidine.

RNA can form complex 3-dimensional structures due to its

single stranded nature. secondary structure.

Ribozyme (called intron)

catalyzes its one excision from an mRNA strand in protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila.

double stranded DNA and RNA can be denatured to

to make single stranded nucleic acid

If pH or temperature is adjusted to optimal range

DNA/RNA will spontaneously anneal.