Biology Systems Test

Tissue

groups of specialized cells that work together to perform the same functions

organ

a group of 2 or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

organ system

a group of 2 or more organs that work together to perform a specific function

epithelial tissue

covers the inside and outside of the body as well as the surface

connective tissue

connects all parts of the body and provides support

muscle tissue

contract and shorten, making body parts move

nerve tissue

carries signals or impulses back and forth from the brain and body

stem cell

can be harvested from umbilical cord of placenta following birth, they are unspecialized cells capable of differentiating

digestive system

the organ system that deals with ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste

digestive track

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, removes waste, the actual pathway food travels through

mouth (digestive function)

where digestion begins by chewing food and mixing it with saliva

esophagus

connects the mouth to the stomach, is composed of smooth muscle that contracts in a rhythemic/wavelike fashion (peristalsis)

liver

involved in the removal and breakdown of toxins, and produces bile

stomach

churns food and mixes it with digestive juices and enzymes

gallbladder

stores bile until food enters the small intestine

pancreas

secretes enzymes of digestion into the small intestine and hormones that regulate absorption and storage of glucose

large intestine

also called the colon, absorbs water

small intestine

sight of digestion and absorptions, contains villi and microvilli that increase the surface area for absorption

rectum

where feces is stored

anus

egestion point

respiratory system

the organ system where gas exchange takes place (the body cells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide)

mouth (respiratory function)

allows air to enter and leave the lungs

pharynx

gathers air after it passes through your nose, and then the air is passed down to your trachea. The pharynx prevents air from being swallowed. It also goes through constrictions that help push food to the esophagus.

trachea

connects the throat to the lungs, cells produce music to remove airborne particles, held open by rings of “C” shaped cartilage

bronchi

the trachea splits into two bronchial tubes, moving air into/out of the left and right lungs

lung

organs in the respiratory system where oxygen is taken into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed

bronchioles

smaller than bronchi, they continue to branch into smaller and smaller arms

alveoli

tiny air sacs that fill up with air/oxygen when you breathe in. the walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are so thin that oxygen or carbon dioxide can pass through them, travelling right into, or out of, your bloodstream

circulatory system

the organ system that picks up nutrients and oxygen, transports nutrients and oxygen to cells, carries waste to the organs responsible for eliminating waste, and regulates your body temperature

arteries

carry blood away from the heart to all body parts

capillaries

very small, thin walled blood vessels. they bring blood in close contact with tissues and organs throughout the body

veins

carry blood back to the heart from body parts

septum

a wall of tissue seperating the right and left sides of the heart

right atrium

blood flows into this chamber in need of oxygen

right ventricle

blood flows into this chamber from the right atrium. from here, blood goes to the lungs

left atrium

blood flows into this chamber from the lungs

left ventricle

blood flows here from the left atrium and out through the aorta to the rest of the body

plasma

fluid medium that transports solid components. dissolved gasses, nutrients, wastes, and hormones around the body

red blood cells

transport oxygen aroundnd the body, contains hemoglobin

white blood cells

fights infections

platelets

initiates blood clotting reaction (coagulation). repture when they hit a sharp edge (torn blood vessel)

why does your body need food to survive?

cells need a supply of food to provide chemical energy

what organs are in the digestive system?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

what is the digestive system made up of?

the digestive tract and accessory organs

what is the funcion of epithelial tissue in the digestive system?

lines the entire digestive tract, made up of different cells, including goblet cells that secrete mucus

what is the function of mucus in the digestive system?

protects the digestive tube from digestive enzymes, allows the material to pass smoothly along the tube

what is the function of the mouth in the digestive system?

adjusts food to body temperature, contains teeth, the tongue, and salvia which move and break down food

what is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

it is a tube made out of smooth muscle that connect sthe pharynx to the stomach, pushes food towards the stomach using peristaltic muscle contractions

what is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

produces hydrochloric acid, mucus to protect itself from its acidic environment, and an enzyme called peptin that breaks down proteins

small intestine function

absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream using villi, 20 feet long, uses enzymes produced on its own, as well as enzymes from the pancreas and bile.

large intestine function

absorbs water and vitamins into the bloodstream, also known as the colon

What is Colitus?

A disease where the epithelial tissue lining the colon becomes inflamed ands tops working properly.

what are symptoms of colitus?

inflammtion in the colon lining, the colon not working properly

how is Colitus diagnosed?

using an endoscope, then tissue samples are taken and examined under a microscope

What is diabetes?

a disease where the pancreas does not produce the right amount of insulin. This affects the digestion system because it involves how nutrients like glucose are controlled in the body after food is digested.

what are symptoms of diabetes?

weakness, dizziness, too high or too low blood glucose levels

how can diabetes be treated?

some forms can be controlled with dieting

What are the three accessory organs in the digestive system?

the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder