bio lab quizlet

Change in the genetic make-up of a population over time

evolution

Time is _____

generational

Change in allele frequency can

take place ____ in certain

environment/population

conditions. You will observe this

during your lifetime.

quickly

groups of individuals of the same species.

populations

Way to tell something is peer-reviewed

Data? Tables and graphs?

• Listed authors and affiliations?

• Abstract?

• DOI number?

• Volume number and maybe issue?

• References

• Cited by other scientific articles

• Mission statement

E. coli is a ____

ubiquitous Bacteria

environment of e coli

Tryptic Soy Agar

what temp does e coli grow at

37⁰C

• Discard gloves in ____ bins at front of lab.

autoclave

what was the name of the antibiotic we used for the evolution lab

Tetracycline

the change in genetic variation (allele

frequencies) in a population over

_____ time.

evolution, generational

AMP parameters that are usually the same

Fitness of Genotypes AA, Aa, aa

• Population Size

• Number of Generations

• Number of Populations (Replicates run at the same time)

• Initial p(A)

• Mutation Rates (leave at zero unless directly testing)

CHANGE ONLY 1 VARIABLE

Hardy Weinberg Requirments

The population is large enough to be unaffected by random gene changes.

There is no gene flow (immigration or emigration).

No mutations occur or there is mutational equilibrium.

There is random mating. Allele fitness

There is no natural selection. Allele fitness

Hardy weingberg equation and what each thing represents

Replica plating order

high, low, control

How do antibiotics cause resistance?

Select bacteria that

reproduce (fitness > 1

& remove bacteria that

do not reproduce

(fitness =0)

Induce mutations that

confer antibiotic

resistance.

____ is a driver of evolution

natural selection

__ changes in fitness can have __ effects

small, big

3 facts about mutations

Mutations are often deleterious.

Mutations are often neutral

Mutations are sometimes beneficial

whats needed for natural selection

variation

Loss of alleles through random chance. Unpredictable.

Genetic drift (happens in small populations)

allele loss = ___ of other alleles

fixation

draw what genetic equilibrium looks like

whats happening in the top row (model 1) and the bottom row (model 2)

Model 1

Pre-existing variation. Colonies in high

are also in low antibiotic plates

Model 2

Antibiotics induce mutation. Colonies

arise in higher antibiotic concentrations

in the spots where the colonies are whats the fitness, and where they are not whats the fitness

where they are = 1

where they are not = 0

What is a homologous trait?

A.Two tissues that have the same function and

the same evolutionary lineage.

B.Two tissues that have

the same evolutionary lineage.

What are analogous traits?

Similar function but evolved independently and different structure

Trees built with homologous traits are ____

predictive

note: Less dependent on which trait you choose to use first

how r trees built/based on

Historic Trees:

Current Trees:

Phenotypes, genotypes

draw the phylogenetic tree of bacteria, archaea, eukarya

draw the evolutionary relationships between the Three Domains of Life and the various Kingdoms of Eukarya.

__________ distinguish plants from archaea & bacteria

Intracellular structures

______ distinguishes plants from protists

Multicellular

______ distinguishes plants from animals and fungi: _____

Nutrition mode, autotrophic

Plants had a gradual evolution with clear trends.

___ mya algae

____ mya land plants

___ mya vascular plants

___ mya origin of seeds

___ mya flowers

1500, 475, 420, 300, 120

draw a phylogenetic tree representing land plants’ vasculature

kingdom of plants

plantae

whats all of the phyla of plantae

Hepatophyta

Bryophyta

Lycophyta

Monilophyta

Cycadophyta

Ginkgophyta

Coniferophyta

Anthophyta

Plants can exist as ____ or ____

haploid, diploid

sporophyte (diploid, vascular)

Gametophyte (haploid, non-vascular)