Gastrointestinal System and Diagnostics

Flashcards to study key terms and concepts related to the gastrointestinal system and its diagnostic procedures.

Barium Enema

A diagnostic test that uses a contrast material called barium to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract on X-rays.

Colonoscopy

An examination of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera to identify abnormalities.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A procedure that allows visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine.

Peristalsis

The wavelike muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract.

Ileocecal Valve

A valve that regulates the flow of contents from the small intestine to the large intestine.

Ptyalin (Salivary Amylase)

An enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that helps partially digest starch in the mouth.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

An acid produced in the stomach that aids in digestion by creating an acidic environment.

Cholecystography

A diagnostic imaging test that examines the gallbladder, often using contrast dye.

Radionuclide Imaging

A diagnostic technique that uses radioactive substances to visualize organs and structures.

Percutaneous Liver Biopsy

A procedure to obtain a small sample of liver tissue for examination, usually performed through the skin.

Gallbladder Series

A set of X-rays taken after a contrast material is used to visualize the gallbladder.

Fluid balance

The maintenance of the proper amounts and types of fluids in the body, essential for proper function.

Constipation Risk

The increased likelihood of difficulty in bowel movements, often seen after certain diagnostic tests like barium enema.

Diminished intestinal muscle tone

A condition often noted in older adults where the muscles in the intestines are weaker, potentially leading to constipation or incontinence.

Chyme

The semi-liquid mass of partially digested food that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.