MB Infectious Diseases

smallpox

viral skin disease: variola

• enters respiratory route > internal organs > blood > skin

• pustulous lesions

• 1st vaccine, 1st eradicated human disease (1979)

chickenpox

viral skin disease: varicella

• enters respiratory route > infects skin cells for 2 weeks

shingles

viral skin disease: latent varicella

• in dorsal root ganglion > cutaneous nerves

herpes simplex 1 (HHV-1)

viral skin disease:

• cold sores, fever blisters

• latent in trigeminal nerve

herpes simplex 2 (HHV-2)

viral skin disease:

• genital herpes

• sexual contact

measles

viral skin disease: rubeola

• Morbillivirus

• enters respiratory route (droplet transmission)

• rash of small raised spots

• almost eradicated

acne

bacterial skin disease: Propionibacterium acnes or Cutibacterium

• inflamed lesions (blockage of follicles

• accumulate sebum that rupture follicle

• most common skin disease

impetigo

bacterial skin disease: S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

• isolated pustules that become crusted

• affects children (school sores)

necrotizing fasciitis

bacterial skin disease: flesh-eating bacteria (exotoxins destroy tissue)

• Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens, S. aureus, Bacteroides fragilis, Aeromonas hydrophila

• skin abrasions (trauma) > soft tissue destruction

• treated w/ debridement (removal of tissue)

• type 1: polymicrobial; type 2: monomicrobial

mycosis

fungal skin disease: fungal infection

• moisture favors fungal infections

dermatomycosis

fungal skin disease: skin infection by fungus

candidiasis

fungal skin disease: Candida albicans

• normal microbiota (usually suppressed)

• thrush (oral)

• yeast infection (vaginal) - absence of lactic acid bacteria = increased pH

meningitis

microbial disease of NS: inflammation of meninges

encephalitis

microbial disease of NS: inflammation of brain

meningoencephalitis

microbial disease of NS: inflammation of meninges and brain

normal microbiota; invasive

Microbial diseases of the NS can be caused by _____ _____ (Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) or be _____ (Listeria monocytogenes).

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poliomyelitis

viral disease of NS: polio

• causes paralysis (< 1%)

• fever, sore throat, headache, nausea

• respiratory muscles paralyzed (death)

• adolescents, young adults

• virus multiplies in cytoplasm of nerve cells; cells die > paralysis

• iron lung kept 1000s alive; uses pressures to help those with paralyzed lung muscles

rabies

viral disease of NS: Lyssavirus

• zoonotic (bite from animal); virus replicates near bite and destroys cells

• PNS > invades CNS; madness: mania, insomnia, paranoia, hallucinations, hypersalivation

• fatal encephalitis (death within days)

• bite that doesn’t break skin can still cause infection (replicates in epithelial cells

• vaccine

African Sleeping Sickness

protozoan disease of NS:

• Trypanosoma bruceii carried by tsetse fly

• half-million Africans infected

• antigenic variation

Amoebic meningoencephalitis

protozoan disease of NS:

• Naegleria fowleri

• brain-eating

• FW, rare

• mortality near 100%