Anatomy lecture 20: blood vessels

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart and have thicker walls (higher pressure)

Veins

Carry blood towards the heart and have thinner walls (lower pressure). May have valve to prevent back flow

Capillaries

Where exchange between blood and tissue cells occurs. Connects artery and vein

Foramen ovale

Allows blood to pass from right atrium to left atrium. Becomes fossa ovalis

Ductus arteriosus

Allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk to aorta. Becomes ligamentum arteriosum

Ascending aorta

Emerges from left ventricle and carries blood to aortic arch

Aortic arch

U-shaped arc between the ascending aorta and descending aorta

Descending aorta

Portion of aorta that continues downward from aortic arch

Thoracic aorta

Above diaphragm

Abdominal aorta

Below diaphragm

Right coronary artery

Branches off ascending aorta to right side of heart

Right marginal arteries

Branch off right coronary artery to supply lateral right ventricle

Posterior interventricular artery

Branches off right coronary artery to supply posterior ventricles

Left coronary artery

Branches off ascending aorta to left side of heart

Anterior interventricular artery

Branches off left coronary artery to supply anterior ventricles

Circumflex artery

Branches off left coronary artery to supply posterior left ventricle

Left marginal artery

Branches off left coronary artery to supply lateral left ventricle

Great cardiac vein

Drains blood from anterior aspects of ventricles

Small cardiac vein

Drains blood from posterior right atrium and ventricle

Middle cardiac vein

Drains blood from posterior aspect of ventricles

Coronary sinus

Large vein on posterior heart that drains into right atrium

Brachiocephalic artery

First branch off aortic arch

Subclavian arteries

Supply the arms, chest, shoulders, back, and CNS. Right branches off brachiocephalic and left is third branch off aortic arch

Common carotid arteries

Supply the head and neck on each side. Right branches off brachiocephalic and left is second branch off aortic arch

External carotid artery

Branches off common carotid to supply face and neck

Internal carotid artery

Branches off common carotid to supply brain

Vertebral arteries

Branch off subclavian arteries to supply spinal cord and brain. Travel through transverse foramen

Basilar artery

Supplies brainstem and forms from merger of vertebral arteries

Arterial circle

Circular merger of internal carotid arteries and basilar artery

Posterior cerebral arteries

Supply blood to posterior cerebrum and brain stem

Middle cerebral arteries

Supply blood to temporal and parietal lobes

Anterior cerebral arteries

Supply blood to frontal lobe

Axillary artery

Continuation of subclavian artery to supply shoulder

Brachial artery

Continuation of axillary artery to supply arm. Splits at cuboidal fossa

Ulnar artery

Branch of brachial artery that supplies medial forearm and hand

Radial artery

Branch of brachial artery that supplies lateral forearm and hand

Celiac trunk

Branches off abdominal aorta to supply upper abdominal viscera

Splenic artery

Branches off celiac to supply the spleen

Common hepatic artery

Branches off celiac to liver, stomach, and gallbladder

Superior mesenteric artery

Branches off abdominal aorta to supply pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine

Renal arteries

Branches off abdominal aorta to supply the kidneys

Gonadal arteries

Branches off abdominal aorta to supply the gonads

Inferior mesenteric artery

Branches off abdominal aorta to large intestine

Common iliac arteries

Form where aorta splits (L4)

Internal iliac artery

Branches off common iliac to supply pelvis

External iliac artery

Branches off common iliac to supply lower limbs

Femoral artery

Continuation of external iliac to supply the thigh

Popliteal artery

Continuation of femoral artery to supply the knee

Anterior tibial artery

Branches off popliteal artery to supply anterior leg

Dorsalis pedis

Branches off anterior tibial artery to supply top of foot

Posterior tibial artery

Branches off popliteal artery to supply posterior leg

Internal jugular veins

Drains brain

External jugular veins

Drains external portions of head

Subclavian veins

Drains axillary region

Brachiocephalic veins

Form from fusion of jugular and subclavian veins

Superior vena cava

Drains blood from above diaphragm to right atrium

Inferior vena cava

Drains blood from below diaphragm to right atrium

Hepatic portal system

Carries venous blood from digestive organs to the liver

Cephalic vein

Drains superficial aspect of upper limb on lateral side

Basilic vein

Drains superficial aspect of upper limb on medial side

Medial cubital vein

Joins cephalic and basilic veins at cubital fossa

Axillary vein

Drains the upper limb

Small saphenous vein

Drains lateral aspect of superficial leg

Great saphenous vein

Drains medial aspects of superficial leg and thigh

Popliteal vein

Drains knee

Femoral vein

Drains lower limb and returns blood to external iliac vein