11th - 20th amendment

11th Amendment

Prohibits citizens from suing another state in federal court — establishes state sovereign immunity

12th Amendment

Requires electors to cast separate ballots for President and Vice President — adopted after the tied election of 1800

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for a crime — ratified in 1865

14th Amendment

Defines citizenship and guarantees due process and equal protection — basis for incorporation of the Bill of Rights. Key case: Brown v. Board of Education

15th Amendment

Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race or previous condition of servitude — ratified in 1870

16th Amendment

Grants Congress the power to levy a federal income tax without apportioning it among states

17th Amendment

Established direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote instead of by state legislatures

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture / sale / and transportation of alcohol (Prohibition) — ratified in 1919

19th Amendment

Prohibited denying the right to vote based on sex — granted women's suffrage in 1920

20th Amendment

Changed the presidential inauguration date to January 20 and congressional start date to January 3 — known as the Lame Duck Amendmen