Lecture on Sequencing Methods and Genetic Analysis

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on sequencing methods, genetic analysis, and point mutations.

Sanger Sequencing

A chain termination method of DNA sequencing that utilizes dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) to stop DNA synthesis.

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

A sequencing technology that allows for the simultaneous sequencing of millions of DNA fragments.

Chain Termination

The process by which DNA synthesis is terminated through the incorporation of ddNTPs that lack a 3'-OH group.

Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size using an electric field.

Automated Dye Terminator Sequencing

An automated method that uses fluorescent dyes to mark nucleotides for sequencing during electrophoresis.

Bisulfite Sequencing

A sequencing method used to detect DNA methylation by converting cytosine to uracil.

Pyrosequencing

A sequencing method that generates light when a correct nucleotide is added to a growing DNA strand.

Ion Conductance Sequencing

A sequencing technique that detects changes in pH as nucleotides are added to a DNA strand.

Bridge Amplification

A method used in Illumina sequencing that generates clusters of identical DNA fragments on a glass flow cell.

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

A variation at a single nucleotide position in the DNA sequence among individuals.

Point Mutation

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which can have phenotypic effects.

RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq)

A method used to analyze the transcriptome by converting RNA into cDNA and sequencing it.

Chimerism Testing

The analysis of donor and recipient DNA after allogeneic bone marrow transplants to monitor engraftment.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

A technique that involves cutting DNA with restriction enzymes to analyze genetic variation.

Transposable Elements

Segments of DNA that can move within the genome, including LINES and SINES.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A molecular technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences rapidly.