NCM 101 HA 5F: LOWER BODY ASSESSMENT CLO#1-25

Murphy’s sign

Pain on inspiration when RUQ is pressed; indicates cholecystitis.

Stomach ulcer

Open sore in stomach lining due to acid or H. pylori.

Colostomy

Surgical opening of colon to abdomen for stool drainage.

Cholecystitis

Gallbladder inflammation due to gallstones.

Umbilical hernia

Bulging of intestine near navel.

Peritoneal irritation

Inflammation of peritoneum causing severe abdominal pain.

Paralytic ileus

Temporary stopping of bowel movement.

Intestinal obstruction

Blockage of intestinal flow.

Rebound tenderness

Pain when pressure is released from abdomen.

Psoas sign

Pain on hip movement; indicates appendicitis.

Peptic ulcer disease

Ulcers in stomach or duodenum.

Ascites

Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity.

Ballottement test

Technique to detect floating mass or fluid in abdomen.

RUQ

Liver, gallbladder, right kidney, pancreas, colon.

LUQ

Stomach, spleen, left kidney, pancreas.

RLQ

Appendix, cecum, right ovary/tube.

LLQ

Sigmoid colon, descending colon, left ovary/tube.

Xiphoid process

Lower tip of sternum.

Costal margins

Rib borders protecting upper abdomen.

Umbilicus

Central abdominal landmark.

Iliac crest

Upper border of pelvic bone.

Inguinal ligament

Groin boundary and hernia reference.

Linea alba

Midline fibrous structure of abdomen.

Empty bladder

Prevents discomfort and improves accuracy.

Supine position

Relaxes abdominal muscles for exam.

Inspection first

Observe before touching abdomen.

Auscultation first

Prevents altered bowel sounds.

Expose abdomen only

Maintains privacy.

Warm hands

Prevents muscle guarding.

Inspection

Observe abdomen shape, skin, scars, symmetry.

Auscultation

Listen to bowel sounds and bruits.

Percussion

Detect air, fluid, or masses.

Palpation

Check tenderness and organs.

Normal bowel sounds

5–30 gurgles per minute.

Hyperactive bowel sounds

Increased activity (diarrhea/early obstruction).

Hypoactive bowel sounds

Decreased bowel activity.

Absent bowel sounds

Paralytic ileus.

Tympany

Air-filled sound.

Dullness

Solid organ or fluid.

Shifting dullness

Ascites.

Stethoscope

Used for bowel sounds and bruits.

Measuring tape

Measures abdominal girth.

Penlight

Enhances inspection.

Gloves

Infection control.

Documentation sheet

Records findings.

Abdominal assessment

Systematic inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation.

Phimosis

Foreskin cannot retract.

Paraphimosis

Foreskin stuck behind glans.

Hypospadias

Urethral opening on underside of penis.

Epispadias

Urethral opening on upper penis.

Cryptorchidism

Undescended testes.

Pilonidal cyst

Cyst near buttocks containing hair.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen rectal veins.

Prostate enlargement

Enlarged prostate causing urinary issues.

Erectile dysfunction

Inability to maintain erection.

Inguinal hernia

Abdominal contents protrude into groin.

Herpes infection

Viral genital sores.

Syphilis

STI with painless chancre.

Urethritis

Inflammation of urethra.

Penis

Organ for urination and reproduction.

Scrotum

Sac holding testes.

Testes

Produce sperm and testosterone.

Epididymis

Stores and matures sperm.

Vas deferens

Transports sperm.

Seminal vesicles

Produce seminal fluid.

Prostate gland

Adds fluid to semen.

Male genital assessment

Inspection, palpation, hernia check, prostate exam.

Nursing responsibilities

Privacy, explanation, comfort, dignity.

Materials used

Gloves, lubricant, light, stethoscope.

Skene’s glands

Lubrication near urethra.

Bartholin’s glands

Vaginal lubrication.

Menorrhagia

Heavy menstrual bleeding.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation.

Amenorrhea

No menstruation.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Cystocele

Bladder prolapse into vagina.

PMS

Premenstrual syndrome.

Female external genitalia

Vulva, labia, clitoris.

Female internal genitalia

Vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes.

Female genital assessment

Inspection, palpation, possible speculum exam.

Normal findings

Pink mucosa, no lesions or discharge.

Abnormal findings

Lesions, discharge, odor, swelling.

Bursitis

Inflammation of joint sac.

Myalgia

Muscle pain.

Crepitus

Crackling joint sound.

Dorsiflexion

Foot moves upward.

Plantar flexion

Foot moves downward.

Shoulder bones

Clavicle, scapula, humerus.

Hip bones

Pelvis and femur.

Muscle function

Movement, posture, stability.

Flexion

Bending movement.

Extension

Straightening movement.

Abduction

Movement away from midline.

Adduction

Movement toward midline.

Rotation

Twisting movement.

Circumduction

Circular movement.

Supination

Palm facing up.

Pronation

Palm facing down.

Musculoskeletal assessment

ROM, gait, posture, joint evaluation.

Kyphosis

Hunchback curvature.