Nervous System

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

Sensory and motor

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called __________.

neuroglial cells

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the __________.

axon

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

Motor (efferent) neuron

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

Sodium ions

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form __________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form __________ matter.

white; gray

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

Interneurons

During polarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

Potassium

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?

Somatic

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the __________.

diencephalon

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel?

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called __________.

Meninges

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as __________.

choroid plexuses

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Parietal

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?

Breathing, Hunger, Thirst, Consciousness

Breathing

The hypothalamus regulates the __________.

pituitary gland

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the __________.

corpus callous

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?

Thalamus

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the __________ mater.

pia

Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?

Alzheimer’s disease

The __________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.

perineurium

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extra situations, such as rage or fear?

Sympathetic division

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?

Twelve

What pair of cranial nerves extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavitites?

Vagus

True or false: The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

False

True or false: The primary motor area allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles.

True

True or false: Neurons with two processes, an axon and a dendrite, are known as bipolar neurons.

True