Brooke’s HOSA Clinical Nursing Flashcard set

Everything

Abd

Abdomen

Where is the abdomen?

Between the chest and pelvic bone

Ac

Before meals

Bioavailability

The percentage of the drug or vitamin gets to the blood stream and has gone through the liver.

What part does the liver play in medications?

It destroys some of the oral medication in the first-pass effect and decreases its bioavailability.

First-pass effect

When a pill enters the body, it goes to the liver where part of it is destroyed

What is the liver’s function in the first pass effect?

It destroys part of the pill before it gets to the blood stream

Does an oral dose of a medication typically higher than dose than an intravenous one?

Yes. It takes more oral medication because it has lower bioavailability than an intravenous medication

Why would you take certain medications before a meal?

Food can decrease the drug's bioavailability

What route has 100% bioavailability?

IV, the medication skips the first pass effect

How does a subcutaneous medication work?

The needle enters the fatty tissue where there are fewer blood vessels so the medication releases slower

Why would you need to have a subcutaneous medication?

Because it releases slower and is less invasive than an IV or IM

How does a topical medication work?

The medication is applied to treat a local spot

Why would you use a topical medication over other medications?

Because most of the medication will stay in the area it was applied to

What body changes lower a pill’s bioavailability?

Increased pH, changes in microflora, altered GI motility

Ad lib

As desired

What is diabetes mellitus?

A disease where blood glucose/suger is too high

What is glucose?

It is the body’s main source of energy

How does the body get glucose?

The body can get it from food or can make it through the process of gluconeogenesis

What is gluconeogenesis?

What is Insulin?

A hormone that is made by the pancreas

How does insulin relate to glucose?

Insulin helps

What is the pancreas?

What does diabetes increase the risk of?

Damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves and the heart

What is this a picture of?

What is hypoglycemia

HCT

hematocrit

HEENT

Head, eye, ear, nose, throat

Hob, hob

Head of bed

h/o

History of

HR

Heart Rate

hs

Bedtime; hour of sleep

HTN

Hypertension

hx

History

I & O

Intake and Output

IM

Intramuscular

IS

Incentive Spirometer

IV

Intravenous

IVP

Intravenous push

IVPB

Intravenous piggyback

KCI

Potassium Chloride

kg

Kilogram

KUB

Kidney, ureters and bladder

KVO

Keep Vein open

LB/lb

Pound

LOC

Level of consciousness

LR

Lactated ringer’s

MAP

Mean Arterial Pressure

MAR

Medication Administration Record

mcg

Microgram

MDI

Metered Dose Inhaler

m Eq

Milliequivalent

mm HG

Millimeters of mercury

mg

Milligram

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MVA

Motor vehicle accident

Na Cl

Sodium chloride

neb

Nebulizer

N/V

Nausea and Vomiting

NG

Nasogastric

NKA

No known allergies

NKDA

No known drug allergies

NPO

Nothing by mouth

NSAID

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

OOB

Out of bed

OTC

Over the counter

oz

ounce

p̄

After

p̄c

After meals

PCA

Patient-controlled analgesia

PERRLA

Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

PMH

Past medical history

PMI

Point of Maximum impulse

PO

By mouth

PRN

As needed

pt

patient

PT

Prothrombin time or physical therapy

PPT

Partial thromboplastin time

q

every

qh

Every hour

qid

four times per day

RBC

Red blood cell count

R/O

Rule out

ROM

Range of motion

ROS

Review of systems

RR

Respiratory rate

R/T

Related to

RX, Rx

Prescription

s̄

Without

S & S, s/s

Signs and Symptoms

SCD

Sequential compression device

SL

Sublingual

SOB

Shortness of breath

S/P, s/p

Status post

stat

Immediately

Sx

symptoms

T

Temperature

tid

Three times per day

TPN

Total parenteral nutrition

TPR

Temperature, pulse, respiration