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The term agriculture originated from Latin word, ___ meaning ___, and ___ signifying ___.
Ager, field, cultura, culture
___ refers to soil, land, or farm.
Field
Major production component in the Philippines
Agriculture
___, as a verb, means to raise or cultivate.
Culture
May be defined as the science and art of raising the products of the soil to satisfy human wants.
Agriculture
___ centers on, but is not limited to, the growing and raising of useful plants and animals.
Agriculture
Subsectors of the agricultural production:
Crop production
Livestock and Poultry Raising
Forestry
Fisheries
Refers to the growing of either food crops or commercial crops.
Crop production
2 Categories of Crop production:
Food Crops
Commercial Crops
They are generally intended for household consumption, although excess production may be sold to provide an additional source of income for the farmers.
Food crops
They are produced principally for commerce and trade
Commercial crops
___ and ___ are the most important food crops of the Filipinos.
Rice, corn
Nation’s staple food
Rice
Number one substiute for rice and a chief food for poultry.
Corn
___ includes managing, conserving, using, repairing, and creating forested and woodland areas.
Forestry
Smallest subsector of the Philippine agricultural sector in terms of contribution to national income and output.
Forestry
Another major component of the Philippine agriculture.
Fisheries
3 Categories of Fish production:
Commercial fishing
Municipal fishing
Aquaculture
This sector of fisheries includes the catching of fish in marine waters with the use of fishing boat of more than three gross tons and beyond the seven kilometers shoreline limit.
Commerical Fishing
This sector of fisheries includes the catching of fish in marine and inland waters with the use of fishing boat of three gross tons or less, or with the use of a gear not requiring the use of boats.
Municipal Fishing
This sector of fisheries includes the rearing or raising under controlled conditions of aquatic products, such as fish, oysters, mussels, sea weeds, and other aquatic resources in sea, lakes, and rivers.
Aquaculture
Country’s biggest source of fish supply
Aquaculture
___ eats up the biggest chunk of the income of the average Filipino family.
Food Consumption
These are unprocessed resources used for producing goods and services.
Raw materials
The agricultural sector is considered as the principal source of ___.
Raw materials
___ is a major employer of the country’s labor force.
Agriculture
If industries are the chief consumber of raw materials, agriculture is a major consumer of ___.
Manufactured products
This law granted the farmers the freedom to choose the system of tenency that they preferred to work under.
The Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954
The Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954 was enacted by ___.
President Ramon Magsaysay
This law aimed to established radical changes in the economic and social conditions of the peasants.
The Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963
The Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 was enacted by ___.
President Diosdado Macapagal
He signed the Farmers Emancipation Act of 1972.
President Ferdinand Marcos
CARL stands for:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
CARP stands for:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
He signed the CARP law
President Corazon Aquino
The Aquino administration aimed to fully implement the CARP within a ___-year period
ten
Reason why CARP failed
Lack of funds and Low valuation of landowners’ properties
He signed the RA no. 8532 to strengthen and extend the CARP for another ten years.
President Fidel Ramos
He signed the new law, known as CARPER
President Arroyo
CARPER stands for:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms
4 Challenges of the Philippines Agricultural Sector:
Low Diversification and Low Productivity
Climate Change
Natural Degradation
Inadequate Investment in Technology and Innovation
According to Bonn-based NGO German Watch, the Philippines is the ___th most affected country by climate change during the last 20 years.
5
This is due to deforestation leading to loss in biodiversity, soil erosion, flooding and poor water quality.
Natural Degradation
In the Philippines, investment in agricultural research and development as percentage of agricultural GDP has been barely ___% annually.
0.3
The GDP percentage recommended by the World Bank is ___%
1
2 major production sectors of the economy:
Industrial sector
Service sector
The ___ is the processor of raw materials into finished products
Industrial sector
The ___ is the market distributor of processed goods.
Service sector
Different ways of doing agribusiness:
Contact growing
nucleus-estate scheme
corporate grower arrangements
Contract growing involves two parties:
Farmers
Firm
The ___ use their lands to produce the agreed quantity of farm goods for the firm.
Farmers
___ involves a nucleus farm and individual farmers.
Nucleus-estate scheme
A ___ is a company which produces and markets its own products.
Nucleus farm
The ___ could be a linkage system of farming.
Corporate-grower arrangements
___, if properly handled, is a good alternative to traditional farming.
agribusiness
5 subsectors of agribusiness sector in the Philippines:
Crop Production
Animal Production
Forestry and Logging
Fisheries
Agricultural Support Services and Manufacturing