Sensory/Attention/Memory

retroactive interference

formation of new knowledge interferes with maintaining old knowledge

proactive interference

old knowledge affects formation of new knowledge

retrograde amnesia

inability to recall old information

anterograde amnesia

inability to form new memories

focused attention

simple act of responding to stimuli

selective attention

responding to specific stimuli while ignoring other stimuli

(ex. responding to your name in a crowd)

divided attention

multi-tasking (doing two things simultaneously)

sustained attention

ability to focus on task at hand given other stimuli (ex. studying in noisy cafe).

alternating attention

switching between two tasks at hand. (ex. alternating between exercising and texting)

spotlight model

helps explain sustained attention where we may take in multiple stimuli and focusing only on a small subset of influx of information

Who coined the idea of the forgetting curve?

Ebbinghaus

What are two types of dementia

Alzheimer’s and Kursakoff

Similar genes and environment lead to a _____ person

similar

early selection theory (broadband)

all information comes in thru a register and is filtered through and is proceeded by perceptual processes to assess meaning

what is one flaw of early selection theory

it says that sensory filter preceeds perceptual processing

Dow and Douse late selection theory

states that you assign meaning to all stimuli then you filter out what is important

what was one flaw of dow and douse late selection theory

requires too much energy

Treisman attenuation theory

states how the mind doesn’t filter out everything but dampens background noise allowing us to still be aware of our surroundings and assign meaning appropriately to what remains important.

Where is broca’s area found

frontal lobe

Where is Wernickke’s area found?

temporal lobe

what is the role of the limbic system

formation of new memories; especially emotional ones

what are the 4 parts of the limbic system?

hippocampus,hypothalamus,amygdala,thalamas

Hippo with a hat

what is the role of the hippocampus

converts short term to long term memory (“Don’t forget to take your hippo to campus!’)

Hypothalamus

controls fight/flight and rest digest response.

amygdala

regulates mood/emotion (super small)—> basic/strong emotions —> anger + fear. Modulates dopamine release

thalamus

sensory relay station

what nerves link right and left hemispheres?

corpus callosum

U shape learning curve in language acquisition

Describes how language acquisition is the highest at the beginning then drops as children learn to learn the fundamentals then rises as they progress

Piaget’s theory of learning acquisition

our thoughts and perceptions influence how we develop language and describe our thoughts.

Vygotsky theory of learning acquisition

thought learning occurs through social interaction and guided participation.

Chomsky theory of langauge learning

Believed that language was innate; explains how each language in inherently made of the same elements. (nativist)

BF Skinner theory of language acquisition

Believed language learning language was achieved through classical conditioning and learn via reinforcers and punishment.

James Lang Theory of Emotion

proposed physiological arousal triggers emotion (crying causes sadness)

Cannon Bard Theory

hypothesized that thalamus triggered both physiological arousal and emotion occur at the same time.