OT Groups Exam

definition of group roles

behavior patterns or structured ways of behaving within the group

how are group roles made

members dividing work of the group among themselves

three types of group roles

1. task roles

2. group maintenance roles

3. individual roles

what are task roles

help group get its work done

what are group maintenance roles

foster group communication and morale

what are individual roles

interfere with group functioning

examples of task roles

• information seeker

• information giver

• opinion giver

• energizer

what type of role is energizer

task role

what type of role is opinion giver

task role

what type of role is information giver

task role

what type of role is information seeker

task role

job of information seeker

asks for clarification of suggestions, focusing on facts

job of information giver

offers facts or generalizations automatically

job of opinion giver

states beliefs or opinions

job of energizer

prods the group into action or decision

examples of group building and maintenance roles

• encourager

• standard setter

• group observer and commentator

• follower

what type of job is encourager

group building and maintenance role

what type of role is standard setter

group building and maintenance role

what type of role is group observer and commentator

group building and maintenance role

what type of role is follower

group building and maintenance role

job of encourager

praises, agrees with and accepts the contributions of others

job of the standard setter

expresses ideal standards for the group to aspire to

job of the group observer and commentator

comments on and interprets the process of the group

job of the follower

passively accepts ideas of others and goes along with the movement of the group

examples of individual roles

• aggressor

• recognition seeker

• dominator

• help-seeker

what role is the aggressor

individual role

what type of role is the recognition seeker

individual role

what type of role is the dominator

individual role

what role is the help-seeker

individual role

job of the aggressor

deflates the status of others, expresses disapproval of the values, acts, or feelings of others, attacks the group or group task, etc

job of the recognition seeker

calls attention to self through boasting, acting in unusual ways or struggling to remain in the limelight

job of the dominator

Monopolizes group through manipulation, flattery, giving directions
authoritatively, or interrupting the contributions of others

job of the help seeker

Looks for sympathy from the group through unreasonable insecurity, personal confusion, or self-depreciation

should individual roles be discouraged

yes

main idea of group task and maintenance roles

leadership responsibilities that are delegated to members

what often happens with roles

• often exchange roles

• often take on more than one role

• some members naturally take on certain roles in every group according to their personality

taking on multiple roles is a sign of what

maturity

all task or group maintenance roles are what

equal to each other

what are the five types of groups

• parallel

• project

• ego-centric cooperative

• cooperative

• mature

what is a parallel group

no common goal, individual tasks, members function in the presence of others and can offer basic social interaction

what is a project group

shared short-term task, share and participate in tasks

what is an ego-centric cooperative group

shared long-term task, multi-task activity, share and hear others ideas

what is a cooperative group

mutually satisfying group tasks, group satisfaction takes precedence over task completion

what is a mature group

blurring of group leader and group member, sharing equally in task completion and group satisfaction

what are the stages of group development/formation

1. forming

2. storming

3. norming

4. performing

5. adjourning

what is forming

the group is just beginning, members are getting to know
each other (apprehension/uncertainty), group tasks are safe but lead
to the group to feeling more comfortable and ready to move out of
their comfort zone

what is storming

Confusion around roles and conflict may arise as the group organizes and structures tasks

what is norming

Cohesion, trust, and sense of belonging emerge

what is performing

productivity is acheived

what is adjourning

Tasks are completed and the group prepares to terminate

what is activity analysis

the process of examining an activity to distinguish it component parts

what are the two main parts of an activity analysis

1. identifying the activity component/ steps needed to take

2. identify the skills needed for each component

what are the skills needed in Yalom’s orientation stage of therapeutic communication

1. attending

2. concreteness

3. primary accurate empathy

what is attending

attentive physical presence the therapist focuses on the client

when is attending evident

even before anyone begins to speak

ways of attending

• taking note of appearance

• body language

• posture

• seating position

• eye contact

• facial expresion

what is concreteness

ability to elicit specific information about a client/problem

what is an OT’s goal regarding concreteness

to obtain a thorough understanding of the client

how does an OT achieve a thorough understanding of the client

asking many clarifying questions

what type of questions should an OT ask

open ended questions

what is primary accuate empathy (PAE)

reflection of the feeling and content expressed by the client

outcome of an empathetic comment

will convince the client that he or she is being listened to and understood and encourage then to open up more

PAE goal in groups

help build an atmosphere of safety and trust and will help the group progress toward a state of cohesiveness

what are open ended questions

more effective because they encourage communication and interaction among members

what happens when using when closed ended questions

tend to cut off communication

what is therapeutic use of self

practitioner’s planned use of his or her personality, perceptions, and judgments as part of the therapeutic process

how does a group therapist form a connection with group members

therapeutic use of self

what are the 5 OT domains

1. occupations

2. contexts

3. performance patterns

4. performance skills

5. client factors

how do client factors focus on intervention

• strengthening muscles and coordination

• cognitive strategies

• emotional regulation techniques

how do performance skills focus on intervention

• practicing fine motor skills

• coaching communication and social behaviors

how do performance patterns focus on intervention

• establishing healthy routines

• breaking bad habits

• supporting role transitions

how do occupations relate to focus of intervention

• teaching and adapting tasks

• using assistive devices

• emotional regulation techniques

how do contexts relate to focus of interaction

• modifying the home

• changing set up

what is under the occupations of OT Domain

• ADL

• IADL

• Health Management

• Rest and Sleep

• Education

• Work

• Play

• Leisure

• Social Participation

what is under contexts in OT Domain

• environmental factors

• personal factors

what is under performance patterns in OT Domain

• habits

• routines

• roles

• rituals

what is under performance skills in OT Domain

• motor skills

• process skills

• social interaction skills

what is under client factors in OT Domain

• virtues, beliefs, spirituality

• body functions

• body structures

what are cole’s 7 steps

1. introduction

2. activity

3. sharing

4. processing

5. generalizing

6. application

7. summary

what is a part of introduction in cole’s 7 steps

• warm up

• set the mood

• share expectations

• explain purpose clearly

• group outline

what is a part of activity in cole’s 7 steps

• timing

• therapeutic goals

• physical and mental capacities

• knowledge and skill of the leader

• adaption of an activity

what is a part of sharing in coles 7 steps

Members share (show/tell) and what they share is acknowledged. Be sure members are positioned well for discussion (sitting in a circle). Encourage other members to support what was shared

what is a part of processing in coles 7 steps

how do members feel about the group

what is a part of generalizing in cole’s 7 steps

• identifying key takeaways

• identifying how group went

• leader shares observations connected to goal

• shares lessons learned

what is a part of application in coles 7 steps

how can you use these skills in the future

what is a part of summary in coles 7 steps

identify what we did today

what format is used for the group goal

smart format

how do you write the group goal

by the end of the group, to improve upon ______, clients will

what is written within the outcome criteria

how will the group goal be measured

how is the outcome criteria written

in order to measure____, each client will_____

what is written within the methods

the type of media used in the activity

examples of media used in activity

craft, game, etc

what is written in the supplies and cost

a table showing the tools used and their cost, supplies used and the cost, and the total cost of everything