ENTO 301 lecture final

Spring '26 - covers all orders from Collembola to Lepidoptera

Protura

common name:

proturans

Protura

Body form:

fusiform

Protura

Head

prognathous

Protura

Mandibles

monocondylic

Protura

Antennae

absent

Protura

Eyes & ocelli

absent

Protura

Wings

primitively wingless

Protura

Cerci

absent, also no caudal filaments

Protura

Habitat

terrestrial - cryptozioc

Protura

Feeding habits

phytophagous - chewing

Protura

Metamorphosis

anamorphosis

Collembola

common name

springtails

Collembola

Body forms

arthropleonid and symphypleonid

Collembola

Head

prognathous

Collembola

Mandibles

monocondylic

Collembola

Antennae

present

Collembola

Eyes & ocelli

eyes reduced or absent, ocelli absent

Collembola

Postantennal organ

present

Collemola

Wings

primitively absent

Collembola

Tarsi

4 segmented, tibia and tarsus fused forming a tibiotarsus

Collembola

Abdomen segmentation

highly reduced 6-segmented abdomen

Collembola

Collophore

located on 1st abdominal segment, used for osmoregulation and respiration

Collembola

Furcula

located on the 4th abdominal segment, 3-segmented

Collembola

Retinaculum

located on 3rd abdominal segment, “catch” for furcula

Collembola

Cerci and styli

absent

Collembola

Habitat

terrestrial - cryptozioc

Collembola

Feeding habits

phytophagous - chewing

Diplura

Common name

diplurans

Diplura

Body form

long, slender, dorso-ventrally compressed

Diplura

Head

prognathous

Diplura

Mandibles

monocondylic

Diplura

Antennae

present

Diplura

Eyes and ocelli

absent

Diplura

Wings

primitively absent

Diplura

Legs

gressorial

Diplura

Tarsi

1-segmented

Diplura

Spiracles

present

Diplura

Abdomen

10-segmented

Diplura

Cerci and styli

present

Diplura

Habitat

terrestrial, ant/termite inquilines

Diplura

Feeding habits

herbivores, some predaceous

Microcoryphia

Common name

jumping bristletails

Mycrocoryphia

Body form

fusiform, thorax highly arched

Mycrocoryphia

Head

hypognathous

Mycrocoryphia

Antennae

filiform

Mycrocoryphia

Eyes and ocelli

eyes continuous dorsally, ocelli present

Mycrocoryphia

Mandibles

monocondylic

Mycrocoryphia

Wings

primitively absent

Mycrocoryphia

Legs

cursorial

Mycrocoryphia

Tarsi

2-3 segmented

Mycrocoryphia

Abdomen

10 segmented

Mycrocoryphia

Cerci, styli, and median caudal filament

present

Mycrocoryphia

Habitat

terrestrial - cryptozoic

Mycrocoryphia

Feeding habits

phytophagous - chewing

Mycrocoryphia

Metamorphism

ametabolous

Thysanura

Common name

silverfish

Thysanura

Body form

dorso-ventrally flattened, thorax depressed

Thysanura

Head

hypognathous

Thysanura

Antennae

filiform

Thysanura

Eyes and ocelli

eyes reduced on side of head, ocelli absent

Thysanura

Mandibles

dicondylic

Thysanura

Wings

primitively absent

Thysanura

Legs

cursorial

Thysanura

Tarsi

2-5 segmented

Thysanura

Abdomen

10 segmented

Thysanura

Cerci, styli, and median caudal filament

present

Thysanura

Metamorphosis

ametabolous

Ephemeroptera

Common name

mayflies

Ephemeroptera

Mouthparts

vestigial in adults

Ephemeroptera

Eyes and ocelli

eyes sexually dimorphic (turbinate), ocelli present

Ephemeroptera

Antennae

short

Ephemeroptera

Wings

1-2 pairs present, hind wings much smaller

Ephemeroptera

Legs

usually well-developed

Ephemeroptera

Abdomen

10 segmented

Ephemeroptera

Cerci, styli, and median caudal filament

present, absent, present in immatures

Ephemeroptera

Metamorphosis

presence of flighted subimago stage, terminal instar

Ephemeroptera

Baetidae

Common name

small minnow mayflies

Ephemeroptera

Baetidae

Habitat

lotic erosional streams

Ephemeroptera

Baetidae

Feeding habits

detritivores

Ephemeroptera

Caenidae

Common name

small squaregill mayflies

Ephemeroptera

Caenidae

Wings

hind wing secondarily lost

Ephemeroptera

Caenidae

Habitat

lotic depositional, lentic streams

Ephemeroptera

Ephemeridae

Common name

common burrowing mayflies

Ephemeroptera

Ephemeridae

Habitat

lentic, lotic depositional streams

Ephemeroptera

Ephemeridae

Feeding habits

detritivore, lives in aquatic ant farms, tusks for digging

Ephemeroptera

Polymitarcyidae

Common name

pale burrowing mayflies

Ephemeroptera

Polymitarcyidae

Habitat

lentic or lotic depositional streams

Odonata

Common name

dragonflies and damselflies

Odonata

Head

hemispherical or transverse

Odonata

Ocelli

present

Odonata

Antennae

highly reduced

Odonata

Abdomen

10 segmented

Odonata

Cerci

present

Odonata

Zygoptera

Wings

hind- and forewing similar width

Odonata

Anisoptera

Wings

hind- and forewings dissimilar width

Odonata

Anisoptera

Head

hemispherical

Odonata

Zygoptera

Head

transverse

Odonata

Anisoptera

Gills

internal within abdomen

Odonata

Zygoptera

Gills

external at end of abdomen

Odonata

Mating steps

1) male sperm transfer to secondary genitalia 2) tandem position male holding female 3) wheel position female receives spermatozoa