BIOL 200 Unit 4 Info

Where is most fat stored in the body?

skin

Where are hair follicles found?

Dermis

What are the levels of organization in order of the human body?

cell; tissue; organ; organ system

What protein provides physical protection and structure in skin, hair, and nails?

keratin

What protein gives pigment to skin and hair?

melanin

What causes the most damage to skin?

sunlight

Is darker skin advantageous in all environments?

No, it has advantage in areas with higher UV radiation

What cell breaks down bone?

osteoclast

What are muscle cells?

muscle fiber

Where are blood cells made?

bone marrow

What two proteins are involved in muscle contraction?

actin and myosin

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

rough

Where is cardiac muscle found?

heart

Which of the following bones is NOT found in the axial skeleton?

leg

What type of joint has the most movement?

synovial

If ATP is not available for myosin, the state of the muscle will be…

contracted

A young growing child will have highly active...

osteoblasts

What organs does the central nervous system contain?

brain, spinal cord

Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement?

Somatic

Which of the following is not a part of the brain?

spinal cord

Which brain lobe is responsible for decision making?

frontal

A nerve impulse is triggered by _______ from the previous neuron.

neurotransmitter

In order for a hormone to have an effect on a cell, that cell must have the...

matching receptor

How do hormones travel?

blood

Which has slower communication, nervous or endocrine system?

endocrine

What organ maintains blood sugar level?

pancreas

What endocrine gland maintains metabolism?

thyroid

What circuit transports blood to the lungs?

pulmonary

What type of blood vessels are where delivery of gasses and nutrients take place?

capillaries

Where does most digestion occur?

small intestine

BMI is a proxy for measuring…

fat

A build of ________ in blood vessels contributes to atherosclerosis.

cholesterol

What are the two largest components of blood?

red blood cells and plasma

What should be the largest part of a healthy diet?

fruits and vegetables

Where does digestion begin?

mouth

Which of the following systems does not use the cardiovascular system for transport of materials?

nervous

Why is a plant-based diet considered healthier than a meat heavy diet?

plants have less saturated fats and more nutrients

A heart attack occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the…

heart

A high BMI means that an individual has disease.

False

Where in the lungs does gas exchanged occur?

alveoli

What contracts for inhalation to occur?

diaphragm

If your pee is dark yellow, are your kidneys retaining water or getting rid of excess water?

retaining

Where is urine stored?

bladder

In order for a cell to be affected by a particular hormone it must:

have the correct hormone receptor

The erectile tissues fill with __________ in the penis during an erection

blood

What do kidneys filter?

blood

There are five layers of skin: epidermis, hyperdermis, dermis, hypodermis, and the intradermis.

False

A build-up of cholesterol in blood vessels can lead to:

atherosclerosis

Blood is made inside bones.

True

What type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive system?

Smooth muscle

If you find a white blood cell that is producing antibodies it will be a:

plasma cell

Where do Americans get most of their added sugars from?

Sweetened beverages

The skull and vertebral column protect the major organs of the __________ system.

nervous

What system delivers hormones?

Cardiovascular

What is the structure where gas exchange occurs in the lungs?

Alveolus

Which type of muscle tissue is around the small intestine?

Smooth

In order for a virion to infect a cell, it must:

be able to attach to the cell

Most digestion occurs in the stomach.

False

The __________ circuit delivers blood from the heart to tissues and back, while the __________ circuit delivers blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

systemic; pulmonary

Antibodies can attach to any antigen.

False

A female is born with all the oocytes she will ever produce.

True

Spermatogenesis occurs in the:

seminiferous tubules

In a neuron, the electrical impulse travels along the __________ to reach the next neuron.

axon

______________________ is the maintenance of stable internal conditions.

Homeostasis

The innate immune system:

is not specific to the antigen

Ovulation happens within the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle.

False

Vaccines work because during the secondary immune response:

antibodies are already made

A single muscle cell is called a:

muscle fiber

What is the body not responding to with Type II diabetes?

insulin

Fertilization is when the sperm fuses with the egg.

True

What part of the brain is responsible for emotions?

Cerebrum

Where does the embryo develop?

uterus

Which of the following is the correct order food is processed?

esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine

How is waste carried to the kidneys for removal?

renal artery

Where do feces form?

large intestine

Fertilization occurs in the:

oviducts

Why do some white blood cells display antigen pieces?

trigger immune responses in other cells

Where are T and B cells stored?

lymph nodes

How are viruses similar to living organisms?

they evolve

A diet high in __________ contributes to heart disease.

saturated fats

Which is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

vertebral column

Which is NOT an endocrine gland?

liver

If energy intake is greater than energy expenditure:

gain of weight

What is the part labeled J?

Vas deferens

What is the part labeled D?

Bladder

What is the part labeled C?

Prostate

What is the part labeled 8?

Trachea

What part is labeled 6?

Diaphragm

Which part is labeled 4?

Small intestine

What is the part labeled 4?

Uterus

What is the organ labeled 3?

Stomach

What is the part labeled 1?

Oviduct

What is the organ labeled 10?

Liver

What is the part labeled ‘AD’?

ureter

The following image shows the __________ system.

endocrine

Pick all parts that are a part of the respiratory system.

Diaphragm, Lung, Bronchus

Pick all parts that are a part of the cardiovascular system.

Heart, Capillaries

Pick all parts that are a part of the integumentary system.

Hair, Nails, Skin

Pick all parts of the nervous system.

Brain, Spinal cord

Pick all parts of the urinary system.

Kidney, Bladder, Ureter