History Year 8

Divine Right of Kings

King Charles I believed in the divine right of kings, asserting that his power was granted by God and could not be questioned.

Power Struggle

Constant struggle between the king and Parliament over ultimate authority in the country.

Religious Differences

Conflicts between the monarch, Parliament, Scottish Covenanters, and Irish Catholics.

Financial Needs

King Charles I’s requirement for money to fund his court and wars leading to disagreements with Parliament.

Personal Rule and Rebellion

Charles I ruling without Parliament from 1629 to 1640, causing dissatisfaction and rebellions in Scotland and Ireland, setting the stage for the English Civil War.

Renaissance Painting

Shift towards realism and detail in painting during the Renaissance, introducing techniques like linear perspective and foreshortening.

Renaissance Architecture

Revival of ancient Roman forms in architecture, using mathematical ratios for harmonious structures and incorporating classical elements like columns and domes.

Leonardo da Vinci

Polymath contributing to art, anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center of the universe.

Galileo Galilei

Made contributions to motion, astronomy, and telescope improvements, supporting the Copernican heliocentric theory.