Cardiovascular Diversity and Chemical Reactors Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering vertebrate cardiovascular diversity across fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, as well as chemical reactor types.

Fish Heart

The most ancestral vertebrate heart, consisting of a tubular heart with 2 chambers (atrium and ventricle) arranged in series.

Sinus venosus

The compartment of the fish heart that receives venous blood.

Atrium

Known as the priming chamber in the vertebrate heart.

Ventricle

The main pump of the vertebrate heart.

Bulbus Cordis

A chamber that smooths out pressure after ventricular contraction, keeps blood flowing during relaxation, and prevents backflow with valves.

Accessory hearts

Found in Hagfish, these include the caudal heart and portal heart and assist because the conus alone is not strong enough.

Spiral fold

A structure in the lungfish heart that helps direct deoxygenated blood to the lungs/gills and oxygenated blood to systemic circulation.

Trabeculae

Ridges in the ventricle of a frog heart that help reduce the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Cavum pulmonale

A compartment in the ventricle of non-croc reptiles that handles pulmonary circulation.

Horizontal septum

A muscular ridge that partially divides the ventricle in non-crocodilian reptiles.

Crocodilian Hearts

A fully 4-chambered heart with complete separation of blood, featuring a unique dual aorta setup that allows shunting while diving.

SA node

The part of the mammalian electrical conduction system that initiates the impulse.

AV node

The part of the mammalian electrical conduction system that delays the signal.

P wave

The component of an EKG that represents atrial contraction.

QRS complex

The component of an EKG that represents ventricular contraction.

T wave

The component of an EKG that represents ventricular relaxation.

Batch reactor

A closed system for chemical reactions where composition changes with time and nothing enters or leaves during the reaction.

Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)

A reactor that continuously adds reactants and removes products while stirring constantly, resulting in a uniform concentration equal to the outlet.

Plug-flow reactor (PFR)

A reactor where reactants flow through a tube with minimal back-mixing, resulting in concentration changes along the length of the reactor.