Chemistry - Acids and Bases

how do acids taste?

sour

what is the composition of an acid?

they begin with hydrogen and are followed by a non-metal or polyatomic ion

what are indicators for acids?

litmus paper → red

what are the reactions of acids?

1) Acid + Base → salt + water

2) Acid + Carbonate → carbon dioxide gas

what does the strength of an acid depend on?

it depends on how well they ionize or dissociate in water

what is the pH level for acids?

if the pH is below 7, it is an acid

how do acids feel?

caustic, burn, or sting

how do bases taste?

bitter

what is the composition of a base?

majority end in OH

what are indicators of bases

litmus paper → blue

what are reactions of bases?

base + acid → salt + water

what does the strength of a base depend on?

it depends on how well they ionize or dissociate in water

what is the pH level for bases?

if the pH level is above 7, it is a base

how do bases feel?

slippery

what is the most commercially made acid in the world?

sulfuric acid

which acid is used to make detergents?

sulfuric acid

which acid is used in patrollium, refinery, and metallurgy?

sulfuric acid

which acids are dehydrating agents?

sulfuric acid

which acids are used to make explosions?

nitric acid

which acid is used to make rubber and plastics?

nitric acid

which acid stains things yellow?

nitric acid

which acid is highly volatile or unstable?

nitric acid

which acid is the main component in fertilizer?

phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

which acid is a flavor agent to soda?

phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

which acid is a cleaning agent?

phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

which acid makes ceramics?

phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

which acid is used in pools to lower pH?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

which acid is used in pickling?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

which acid is also known as muratic acid?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

which acid is used to remove magnesium from sea water?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

which acid is the main ingredient in vinegar?

acetic acid (HC2H3O2)

which acid is used to make plastics?

acetic acid (HC2H3O2)

which acid is fungicide (kills fungus)?

acetic acid (HC2H3O2)

what does it mean if an acid has 1 hydrogen in front?

it is monoprotic (ex: HCl, HCN, HNO3, HCHO2)

what does it mean if an acid has 2 or more hydrogens in front?

it is polyprotic (ex: H2CO3, H3PO4, H2S)

what does it mean if an acid has 2 elements?

it is binary (ex: HCl, H2S, HI)

what does it mean if an acid has 3 or more different elements?

it is tertinary (ex: HCN, H2CO3, H3PO4

how do you know if an acid is organic?

CHO (ex: HCHO2, HC2H3O2)

how do you know if an acid is inorganic, or an acid anhydride?

it does have CHO

how do you name binary acids (non-oxyacids)?

hydro - X - ic (ex: HCl → hydrochloric acid, HCN → hydrocyanic acid, H2S → hydrosulfuric acid)

how do you name oxyacids?

-ate = -ic (ex: acetate → acetic acid HC2H3O2)

-ite = -ous (ex: sulfite → sulfurous acid H2SO3)

definition of strong acids:

completely dissociate or ionize

reaction of strong acids:

HA → H+ + A-

examples of strong acids:

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, H2SO4, HClO4

definition of weak acids:

partially ionize or dissociate

reaction for weak acids:

HA →← HA (reversible)

examples of weak acids:

HF, all organic acids

definition of strong bases:

completely ionize or dissociate

reaction for strong bases:

MOH → M+ + OH-

examples of strong bases:

group 1 metals, strontium, barium

definition of weak bases:

partially ionize or dissociate

reaction for weak bases:

MOH →← MOH

examples of weak bases:

NH3, any other hydroxide