Units of Measurement: Temperature and Energy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the units of measurement for temperature and energy, based on the lecture content.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Fahrenheit

The unit of temperature used in the U.S. customary system, where water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.

Celsius

The metric unit of temperature where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

Kelvin

The SI unit of temperature, based on absolute zero, where 0 K is absolute zero.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Specific Heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Nutritional Calorie

A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories, often used on food labels.

Energy

The capacity to do work or produce heat.

Heat

A form of energy transfer between two substances at different temperatures.

Calorimetry

The process of measuring the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

Absolute Zero

The theoretically lowest temperature possible, at which molecular motion stops, equal to 0 K or -273.15°C.

Conversion Factor

A numerical factor used to multiply or divide a quantity when converting from one unit to another.

Kinetic Energy

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Biomolecules

Molecules that are essential to the structure and function of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Joule

The SI unit of energy, which is equivalent to one watt of power used for one second.

Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature.

Insulating Walls

Structure that prevents heat transfer between objects.