Conclusion Identifiers 2.2

What is the strategy for Conclusion Words?

Only 4 words truly qualify as pure CONC words. The information BEFORE these words is typically EVID. The information immediately AFTER the pure CONC words is supported by the EVID.

Does the Conclusion Words have to be at the end of the ARG?

No

How do TMs use Conclusion Words in ASS Based & MP questions?

TM use pure CONC words as very strong CONC identifiers in ASS based questions, but use these terms as MISDIRECTION in MP questions.

What is the strategy for Traditional Evidence-Conclusion Words?

The TMs use both of these terms very regularly as CONC identifiers.

How can the Traditional Evidence-Conclusion Word "since" present?

since EVID, CONC/CONC since EVID

How can the Traditional Evidence-Conclusion Word "because" present?

because EVID, CONC/ CONC because EVID

How do TMs use Traditional Evidence-Conclusion Words in MP questions?

TMs use these terms as MISDIRECTION in MP questions.

What is the strategy for Tricky Conclusion-Evidence Words?

Both of these terms are very strong CONC identifiers. The CONC will be immediately BEFORE the term. EVID will immediately follow the term.

How can the Tricky Conclusion-Evidence Word "after all" present?

CONC after all EVID

How can the Tricky Conclusion-Evidence Word "for" present?

CONC for EVID, "C4E"

How do TMs use Tricky Conclusion-Evidence Words in ASS Based & MP questions?

TMs use these terms as very strong CONC identifier words in ASS Based and MP questions.

What is the strategy for Directional Language?

Directional language directly indicates the statement that supports another statement.

What is the strategy for Directional Language? (cont.)

The statement doing the supporting CANNOT be the CONC. The statement being supported is either MAIN CONC or INTERMEDIATE CONC. Slow down when you see Directional Language. While some Directional Language is very obvious, other language is much more subtle. TM can create infinite Directional Language.

"Nobody, then, can predict with any certainty the impacts…" What is the CONC identifier?

"then" meaning, "then we can conclude"

What is the strategy for Contrast Words?

The TMs often present a POV other than that of the primary speak to START the argument. then, the TMs use a Contrast Word to contrast to the speaker's primary point, which will likely be the CONC. "However, this is what's really going on!"

What is the structure for Contrast Words?

Contrast words that separate POVs are very good CONC identifiers. The CONC normally immediately follows the Contrast word.

What other variations can occur in Contrast Words?

For certain contrast constructions (while, although despite etc.), the contrast kicks in AT THE COMMA. Sometimes the contrast word is place in the middle of the contrast word statement.

"Although the legislation is not popular, the legislation should be passed."

E , C

"Some say that all pathogens eventually mutate. This claim cannot be proven true, however…"

Misplaced contrast word. Say "However, this claim cannot be proven true…" Sometimes the contrast word is place in the middle of the contrast word statement. In this case, the contrast STARTS AT THE BEGINNING of the contrast word statement.

What is the strategy for Chatty Language?

Chatty Language does NOT add substantive meaning. Rather, it adds emphasis in a way that provides APOV.

What is the strategy for Chatty Language? (cont.)

The CONC identifier can ass a positive or negative attitude. The most common chatty term is "clearly"

What is the strategy for No Conclusion IDs?

In this situation, the TMs have provided ZERO CONC identifiers. This is relatively rare.

What is the strategy for No Conclusion IDs? (cont.)

This requires you to eliminate unlikely candidates for the conclusion and compare you best 2 options, asking yourself which statement supports the other. The supported statement will be the CONC.

What is the strategy for No Conclusion IDs? "What supports what?"

Point at the statement that you believe to be the CONC. Say to yourself, "This is true BECAUSE…Then read the statement you believe to be EVID. Does the support make sense? If so, you have correctly ID the CONC. If not, do the same thing switching the statements.

What is the strategy for Competing Conclusion IDs?

In this situation, the TMs provide MULTIPLE CONC identifiers. This is more common than No Conclusion IDs.

What is the strategy for Competing Conclusion IDs? (cont.)

Isolate both (or all three) potential CONCs as indicated by your multiple CONC identifiers. Then, ask yourself which statement supports the other. The supported statement will be the CONC.

What is the strategy for Anti-Conclusion?

This very common construction uses "are mistaken" (and similar phrases) as the CONC identifier. You cannot simply move forward with "are mistaken" as your understanding of the CONC. So, you will conduct ANTI-CONC work.

What is Anti-Conclusion work?

Find the CONC of the opposing POV, the "ANTI-CONC". Negate the ANTI-CONC to create the actual CONC of the speakers argument.

What is the strategy for Anti-Conclusion w/ Contrast Words?

Structurally, this looks much like the Contrast Words identifier. So your first thought is that the CONC is immediately AFTER the contrast word. However, the statement immediately AFTER the contrast word does NOT seem like a CONC, since statistics, studies, and surveys, are very common EVID identifiers.

What is the strategy for Anti-Conclusion w/ Contrast Words? (cont.)

Everything AFTER the contrast word turns out to be EVID against the opposing POV. This means that the speaker never actually stated the CONC. The speaker's CONC is that the CONC of the opposing POV is WRONG.

What is the strategy for Anti-Conclusion w/ Dialogue Words?

Sometimes, everything that the second speaker says is EVID that the first speaker's CONC is WRONG. Read the first speaker first ALWAYS. Do ANTI-CONC work.

What is the strategy for Question Stem Conclusion?

The Q-Stem provides the entire CONC by telling you the idea to strengthen, weaken, etc. The argument itself may not actually repeat this CONC. So, not only identify this as the CONC, but also analyze as the CONC before going to the argument itself.

What is the strategy for Question Stem Reference?

The Q-Stem tells you to treat the "director's recommendation" as the CONC of the argument. So, look for a reference to the director's recommendation in the argument. The CONC typically begins AFTER the "that" statement, which identifiers the directors recommendation.

What is the strategy for Question Stem Hybrid?

This is very similar to the Q-Stem Reference, but you must add the concept "is practical" to the statement of the CONC from the argument.