July 2025

During your examination of an 18-year old horse, you observe what is shown in the photograph. Based on the location and appearance of this lesion, what is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Sarcoid

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

3. Melanoma

4. Habronema

5. Cuterebra

Melanoma

A 2-year old female DSH cat presents for weight loss, anorexia, dyspnea, and lethargy. She was previously treated with antibiotics but is still febrile on physical exam. You detect pleural effusion and notice that the abdomen is distended. On CBC there is a non-regenerative anemia, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia. On chemistry there is hyperproteinemia and a slight elevation in liver enzymes. What is your primary differential?

1. Feline calicivirus

2. Feline leukemia virus

3. Feline immunodeficiency virus

4. Feline infectious peritonitis

  Feline infectious peritonitis

A client calls and says her cat was chewing on her lily plant two days ago and is now acting very sick. You tell her to bring the cat in immediately so that you can perform which of the following?

1. ALT, AST, GGT, and total bilirubin levels

2. Induce emesis and administer activated charcoal

3. BUN and creatinine levels

4. Abdominal radiographs to diagnose intestinal obstruction

BUN and creatinine levels

Rubiosis iridis as seen in this cat is a sign of what process in the eye?

1. Iris atrophy

2. Chorioretinitis

3. Anterior uveitis

4. Glaucoma

5. Lens luxation

  Anterior uveitis   

A male goat presents for vocalizing and straining to urinate. He has been kicking at his abdomen. You detect crystals adherent to the hairs around the prepuce (see image). What condition should you suspect and try to rule out first?

1. Acute severe pyelonephritis

2. Lower intestinal obstruction

3. Upper intestinal obstruction

4. Urinary tract obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction

Which of these is the most common cause of seizures in the adult ferret?

1. Hypoglycemia

2. Hypocalcemia

3. Idiopathic epilepsy

4. Intracranial neoplasia

5. Hepatic encephalopathy

  Hypoglycemia

A 4-year old female spayed mixed Chihuahua presented to the emergency service at approximately 5am this morning after presumptively being attacked by a coyote. The patient has a flail chest and it is questionable if there is direct communication between the thoracic cavity and the environment (it was difficult to examine the dog due to her fractious nature). Exploration of the wound was performed, and once anesthetized, it was apparent she had a pneumothorax. The patient must be ventilated, as there is no vacuum present in the chest for lung expansion to occur. What pressure should the anesthetist not exceed if manually bagging the patient during anesthesia?

1. 20cm H2O

2. 12cm H2O

3. 24cm H2O

4. 8cm H2O

  20cm H2O

A 4-year old male neutered Pit Bull mix comes in to your clinic because his owner thinks he might have gotten into rodenticide while she was out of the house 2 hours ago but is not sure. You send her to bring back the box of rodenticide and induce emesis by administering subconjunctival apomorphine. Within 5 minutes, the dog vomits the material shown in the image below. You rinse out the conjunctiva and administer oral activated charcoal. The owner returns with a box of rodenticide that says brodifacoum. What should you recommend?

1. Treat the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks

2. Treat the dog with vitamin E and selenium

3. Check serum calcium levels today and once weekly for 6 weeks

4. Hospitalize the dog for 24 hours to monitor and treat potential neurologic signs

5. No additional treatment or monitoring is needed

Treat the dog with vitamin K1 for 6 weeks

A 6-month old feedlot steer, which entered the feedlot 4 weeks ago, has lost weight and is now showing an enlarged left flank as shown in the image below. On exam, you find the left side of the abdomen to be gas-filled under moderate pressure, and the rumen to be otherwise poorly filled and with poor motility. Based on percussion and auscultation, the animal also appears to have chronic bronchopneumonia. What is the most likely cause of the rumen malfunction?

1. Free gas bloat, failure to eructate

2. Type 3 vagal indigestion

3. Frothy bloat

4. Cecal dilation

5. Left displaced abomasum

Free gas bloat, failure to eructate

A horse is suspected of having the muscle disease rhabdomyolysis, and you are seeking a laboratory test to help confirm the diagnosis. Of the following, which test would likely be the most helpful?

1. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)

2. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH)

3. Creatine kinase (CK)

4. Anion gap

5. Ionized phosphate

Creatine kinase (CK)

A 3-year old, indoor-only, male castrated Maine Coon cat is presented to you for acute-onset of hindlimb pain and paresis. Physical examination reveals a grade III left parasternal heart murmur and minimal movement in the hind legs. Femoral pulses are bilaterally absent, and the hindlimb toes are cold to the touch. The cat is tachypenic, but lung sounds are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. T3-L3 intervertebral disc disease

2. Tetanus

3. Chlorpyrifos toxicity

4. Thrombus at the aortic bifurcation (saddle thrombus)

5. Lymphoma of the spinal cord

  Thrombus at the aortic bifurcation (saddle thrombus)

A 4 year old mare has bilateral swelling and drainage of the mandibular lymph nodes. Rectal temperature is 101.8F (38.8 C). Which of the following is the most appropriate plan for this horse?

1. Administer corticosteroids

2. Administer penicillin

3. Culture the discharge for bacteria

4. Inform the state veterinarian

Culture the discharge for bacteria

When performing a subtotal colectomy on a feline patient, what blood vessel limits the amount of colon that you are able to remove?

1. Pudendal artery

2. Ileocolic artery

3. Left colic artery

4. Caudal mesenteric artery

  Ileocolic artery

A 11-year old male castrated Golden Retriever presents for collapse with muffled heart sounds on examination. You ultrasound the heart and obtain the following image; the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) are labeled. A large mass is seen in the right atrioventricular groove with pericardial effusion. What is the likely diagnosis?

1. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma

2. Chemodectoma

3. Hemangiosarcoma

4. Lymphoma

5. Idiopathic pericardial hemorrhage

Hemangiosarcoma

1-year old mixed breed stray dog is presented for extreme pruritis and the lesion shown in the picture. The dog was recently found and adopted off the street and has been itching despite being bathed and treated with flea preventatives. The owner reports that she has been itching and developing rashes on her own body since adopting this dog. Your physical exam shows that the dog has several additional similar lesions on the other legs, chest, and ventral abdomen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Sarcoptes infestation

3. Cutaneous lymphoma

4. Demodex infection

Sarcoptes infestation

An 11-year old female Pomeranian presents to you for coughing and exercise intolerance. On exam: Wt: 9.25 lbs, T: 101.2F (38.4 C), HR: 132 bpm, RR: Panting, mucous membranes are pink. She has mild tracheal sensitivity and a grade III-IV/VI left apical holosystolic murmur and grade II/VI right apical holosystolic murmur. Femoral pulses are strong and synchronous, with a regular rhythm. She has harsh lung sounds bilaterally. On abdominal palpation, you note hepatomegaly. You find bilateral luxating patellas. You take chest radiographs (see image) and decide to treat the dog based on these findings. Which medication plan is most appropriate?

1. Oxygen and atenolol

2. Clavamox and enrofloxacin

3. Immiticide (Melarsomine)

4. Atropine and a temporary pacemaker

5. Furosemide and enalapril

  Furosemide and enalapril

A one-month old foal develops fever, icterus, and diarrhea acutely. Bloodwork shows hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoglycemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Which of these conditions is most likely?

1. Tyzzer's disease

2. Theiler's disease

3. Herpesviral hepatitis

4. Clostridium novyi type B

  Tyzzer's disease

You are called to examine and treat a valuable 3 year old show cow that appeared normal yesterday but has collapsed and is too weak to get up (see photo). You examine her and find T=102F or 38.9 C, HR=130, and RR=42. Her heart is pounding very loudly. The mucous membranes of her eyes, mouth and vulva are all very pale. You diagnose an acutely bleeding abomasal ulcer. What is the most important treatment?

1. 4 liters of commercial plasma IV plus vitamin K

2. 20 liters of 1.3% sodium bicarbonate IV

3. 4 to 8 liters of fresh whole blood IV

4. 40 liters of saline IV

5. 40 liters balanced electrolytes orally

  4 to 8 liters of fresh whole blood IV

A 10 year male castrated German Shepherd dog presents for an acute onset of ptosis, drooping of the lip, and drooping of the cheek all on the left side. What nerve has been damaged?

1. CN VII

2. CN V

3. CN VI

4. CN III

CN VII

If a mass appears in the lungs on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral radiograph, where is the mass located?

1. Right lung

2. Mediastinum

3. Left lung

4. Body wall

  Left lung

Which infectious agent causes the clinical presentation of pigs most similar to that of Glaesserella parasuis (Glasser's disease)?

1. Streptococcus suis

2. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

3. Fusobacterium necrophorum

4. Mycoplasma hyosynoviae

  Streptococcus suis

The goose shown in the image below was found weak on the shore of a local pond where oil had been dumped. The goose was covered in oil, dehydrated and weak but responsive. Which of the following is an important acute clinical effect of oil on affected birds?

1. Contact dermatitis

2. Hepatotoxicity

3. Disruption of function of the plumage

4. Nephrotoxicity

5. Lead toxicity

Disruption of function of the plumage

A 1-year old female spayed Doberman Pinscher has presented after being hit by a car. Initial chest radiographs show mild contusions, and the patient appears to be otherwise stable. A right mid-shaft long oblique femoral fracture has been identified. Routine pre-operative blood work is unremarkable. A buccal mucosal bleeding test (BMBT) is elevated at 6 minutes. What will you administer prior to surgery?

1. 1,25 dihydrocholecalciferol

2. Whole blood transfusion

3. Desmopressin acetate

4. Vitamin K

  Desmopressin acetate