Things that were brushed past

RFID chip

Radio frequency identification chip: used for tracking inventory, health data and livestock

Pros:

Does not require line of sight like barcodes, multiple can be read at once, durable

OLED vs LCD monitors

OLEDs are brighter, thinner, lighter, each pixel provides own illumination (so can be switched off to achieve true black with no glow) and made of plastic rather than glass. LCD is cheaper and is backlit using LEDs.

Check digit

Last digit of barcode. Algorithm applied to other digits and if result is not the check digit, then there is an error

Run length encoding

3W6B3W etc.

Binary shifts

Left shift:

One left shift doubles, two left shifts quadruple
msb moved into the carry bit, zero occupies lsb

Right shift:

One right shift halves, two divides by four

lsb moves to carry bit, zero comes in the left as the new msb