NCC AHS 101 Module 4 Review

Kidney

nephro

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of renal pelvis

Cardio

heart

Uterus

Hystero

Nose

rhino

Eyelid

Blepharo

Spinal cord

Myelo

Muscle

Myo

Ovary

oophor

Testicle

orchio

Vein

Phlebo

Cartilage

Chondro

Stomach

gastro

Pus

pyo

Fever

pyro

Liver

hepar, hepato

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine (distal to the stomach)

Jejunum

Middle portion of the small intestine. Absorption takes place

ileum

end portion of the small intestine

Urethral meatus

Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body (where urine exits)

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint

Catalyst

something that brings about a change in something else

Urea

by-product of protein metabolism formed in the liver

Pylorus

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

Bolus

A soft mass of chewed food.

Cecum

Large blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

Fracture

break in the continuity of a bone

Pathological Fx

Spontaneous, due to disease,

Osteoporosis, osteomalacia

Greenstick Fx

partially bent, partially broken (common in children)

Simple Fx

closed, did not pierce skin

Compound Fx

Open, pierces skin

Incomplete Fx

along the bone (hairline)

Compressed Fx

compression fracture of vertebrae

Depressed Fx

skull fracture

Comminuted Fx

Fragmented (lot of gaps)

Dislocation

Ligaments overstretched

Subluxation

partial dislocation d/t trauma

Non-union

causes circulatory impairment, infection, poor alignment, loss of bone

Neoplasm

A new growth of different or abnormal tissue; a tumor

Hyperplasia

Increase in cell numbers, thus an increase in tissue size (ex. breasts during pregnancy, lymph nodes)

Hypertrophy

Refers to an increase in cell size but not cell numbers

Atrophy

decrease in size or number of cells

Metastasis

Is the spread of cancer via blood, vascular system and lymphatics to other places in the body. Most dangerous and life threatening. (7 years to cancer free)

Teratoma

Tumor containing either hair, teeth, or skin

Angioma

Tumor whose cells tend to form blood vessels (ex. birthmark)

Lipoma

benign tumor of adipose, aka fatty, tissue

Fibroma

Benign tumor of fibrous tissue

Hematoma

collection of blood. not a neoplasm

osteoma

benign tumor of bone

Melanoma

Malignant pigmented mole

Basal cell

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

Squamos cell

cancer of the epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and matastasize, often begins as a sore that does not heal

Myoma

Benign tumor of muscle tissue

Oncology

the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of tumors

Oncologist

A medical specialist who studies and identifies tumors and treats patients who have cancer.

Melanorrhea

Black, tarry stool

Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining

Enteritis

inflammation of the small intestine

Choledocholithiasis

condition of stones in the common bile duct

Intussusception

telescoping of the intestine (causes intestinal obstruction)

Volvulus

A twisting of a portion of intestine upon itself (causes intestinal obstruction)

Hernia

protusion or projection of an organ or part of an organ through the wall or the cavity that contains it

Adhesion

rubber band like connection of two pieces of tissues that normally wouldn't

Digestion

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used

Absorption

transfer and utilization of digested food into the bloodstream

Dysuria

painful or difficult urination

Polyuria

excessive urination

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Pyuria

pus in the urine

Suppurating Wound

produces pus

Nephritis

inflammation of kidney

Pyonephrolithiasis

Pus and calculi, or stones, in the kidney

proliferative phase

phase 2 of wound healing. Day 5 - day 20. Tissue fluids increase. Collagen forms. About 20% of final wound strength is reached

Inflammation

Tissues response to injury. Body attempts to prevent spread of injury and remove dead cells.

S &S of inflammation

Redness, heat, pain, edema, loss of function

Contusion

an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration. closed wound (ex. blunt trauma)

Laceration

tissues are torn, wound has ragged and irregular edges

Bruise

Ecchymosis, contusion

Dehiscence

Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

Evisceration

protrusion of internal organ outside the body

Perforating wound

open and exit wound

Penetrating wound

opening where object entered, no exit

Abrasion

A scratch or scrape resulting in torn epidermal cells

Primary intention

Healing whereby the wound is basically closed with all areas of the wound connecting and healing rapidly. Risk for infection is reduced and scarring is minimal.

Second intention

healing that occurs when a wound fails to heal by primary union, or the wound is left open and allowed to heal the inside to the outside by filling with granulation tissues. Healing may be delayed due to infection

Granulation

young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process. tissue fills gap leading to weak, irregular scar

What is the only way to diagnose a fracture?

X-Ray

Etiology or Causes of fractures

Trauma (injury or wound), and

Pathological (Spontaneous), due to disease

Benign neoplasm

localized and does not invade surrounding tissue. (They can displace or compress tissue)

Predisposing factors of neoplasm

viruses, chemical agents, radiation, physical, hormone imbalance, heredity factors

Examples of Ca treatment

Radiation, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Hormonal therapy

encapsulated tumors

may separate from surrounding tissue and easily moved

Polyps

benign tumors located on mucosal surfaces (ex. colon)

Malignant neoplasm

Cancer, carcinoma that invades and destroys tissues

Cholelithiasis

gallstones

Glands that produce saliva

sub maxillary, sublingual, parotid

defecation

bowel movement

stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth, lips, tongue and mucosal lining

glossectomy

surgical excision, removal of the tongue