Sanskrit Level 102 Grammar and Vocabulary Review

Comprehensive vocabulary and grammar flashcards for Sanskrit Level 102 review, including suffixes, vibhaktis, interrogatives, tenses, and relative-correlative pairs.

क्त्वा (ktvā)

A suffix used for root verbs without any prefix to join two actions done by the same person, meaning "having done [Action 1], they did [Action 2]."

ल्यप ् (lyap)

A suffix used to join two actions done by the same person only when the verb has an upasargaH (prefix like aa-, upa-, svī-).

तुमῠन् (tumun)

A suffix that indicates the purpose or intention behind an action, translated as "to [do something]" or "in order to."

विभक्तयः (vibhaktayaH)

The structured framework for noun declensions (Case Endings Matrix) used to identify parts of speech.

Subject (Vibhakti)

Indicates "Who" is doing the action. Examples: रामः, फलम्, लता, नदी.

Object (Vibhakti)

Indicates "To whom/what" the action is directed. Examples: रामम्, फलम्, लताम्, नदीम्.

Instrumental (Vibhakti)

Indicates "With/By". Examples: रामेण, फलेने, लतया, नद्या.

Ablative (Vibhakti)

Indicates "From" using the suffix -tah. Examples: रामतः, फलतः, लतातः, नदीतः.

Possessive (Vibhakti)

Indicates "Whose". Examples: रामस्य, फलस्य, लतायाः, नद्याः.

Locative (Vibhakti)

Indicates "In/On". Examples: रामे, फले, लतायाम्, नद्याम्.

सप्तककाराः (saptakakārāḥ)

The 7 Question Interrogatives: कः? (Who?), कदा? (When?), किमर्थमर्थ ?् (Why?), कुतः? (From where?), कुत्र? (Where?), कति? (How many?), and कथम्? (How?).

भविष्यत्कालः (bhaviṣyatkālaḥ)

Future Tense, identified by characteristic marker sounds like -ṣya- or -sya-.

भूतकालः (bhūtakālaḥ)

Past Tense (Level 102 focuses on Ktavatu), using -वान् for masculine subjects and -वती for feminine subjects.

यथा (yathā) … तथा (tathā)

Manner Relative/Correlative pair meaning "As [X]… so [Y]" or "In the manner that…"

यदा (yadā) … तदा (tadā)

Time Relative/Correlative pair meaning "When [X]… then [Y]."

यत्र (yatra) … तत्र (tatra)

Location Relative/Correlative pair meaning "Where [X]… there [Y]."

यतः (yataḥ) … ततः (tataḥ)

Reason Relative/Correlative pair meaning "Because/From where… therefore/from there."

यावत् (yāvat) … तावत् (tāvat)

Quantity Relative/Correlative pair meaning "As long/much as… that long/much."

बन्धुवाचक-शब्दाः (Bandhuvācaka-shabdāḥ)

Vocabulary used to identify family members and relatives.

माता / जननी (mātā / jananī)

Mother

पिता / जनकः (pitā / janakaḥ)

Father

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ)

Paternal Grandfather

मातामहः (mātāmahaḥ)

Maternal Grandfather

रक्तः (raktaḥ)

Red

नीलः (nīlaḥ)

Blue

शुक्लः / श्वेतः (śvaḥ / śvetaḥ)

White

धूसरः (dhūsaraḥ)

Grey

रुचयः (Rucayaḥ)

The six primary tastes (Shad Rasa): मधुरः, अम्लः, लवणः, कटुः, तिक्तः, and कषायः.

अम्लः (amlaḥ)

Sour

तिक्तः (tiktaḥ)

Bitter

कषायः (kaṣāyaḥ)

Astringent

शरीर-अवयवाः (Śarīra-avayavāḥ)

Basic anatomy terms for parts of the human body.

शिरः (śiraḥ)

Head

नेत्रम् / नयनम् (netram / nayanam)

Eye

कर्णः (karṇaḥ)

Ear

उदरम् (udaram)

Stomach

अद्य (adya)

Today

ह्यः (hyaḥ)

Yesterday

श्वः (śvaḥ)

Tomorrow

शक्नोति (śaknoti)

Is able to / Can

इच्छति (icchati)

Wants / Desires

उत्थाय (utthāya)

Having stood up / Having woken up

गन्तुम् (gantum)

The Purpose Suffix (Tumun) form of root 'gam', meaning "To go."

आगत्य (āgatya)

The Prefixed Past Suffix (Lyap) form of root 'ā + gam', meaning "Having come."

लिखिष्यति (lekhiṣyati)

The Future Tense form for 'He/She/Noun Will write' (Root: लिख).

करिष्यामि (kariṣyāmi)

The Future Tense form for 'अहम् (I) Will do' (Root: कृ).

गमिष्यामः (gamiṣyāmaḥ)

The Future Tense form for 'वयम् (We) Will go' (Root: गम).