Preschool Development, Communicable Diseases, and Pediatric Health Lecture Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering preschool growth milestones, common pediatric communicable diseases, respiratory disorders like asthma and cystic fibrosis, and various skin conditions based on the lecture transcript.

Initiative vs guilt

The Erikson psychosocial development stage for preschoolers aged $3-5$ years where children begin to assert power and control through play and social interaction.

Preoperational Phase

Piaget’s cognitive development stage ($2-7$ years old) characterized by a shift from egocentrism to awareness of others, though children still assume everyone thinks as they do.

Magical thinking

A preschool cognitive trait where a child believes their thoughts or wishes can cause real-life events, such as a parent's illness or divorce.

5210 Rule

A health promotion guideline: $5$ servings of fruits/vegetables, $2$ hours or less screen time, $1$ hour or more physical activity, and $0$ sugary drinks daily.

Mucomyst (acetylcysteine)

The specific antidote for Acetaminophen overdose that should be administered within $8$ hours to provide liver protection.

Reye syndrome

A serious condition (encephalitis) that presents a risk to children under $18$ years of age if they are given aspirin (ASA).

Chelation therapy

A medical intervention for lead poisoning used to bind the lead and facilitate its excretion, requiring monitoring of kidney and liver function.

Wong-Baker Faces

A pain assessment scale suitable for children as young as $3-4$ years old using a series of faces ranging from happy to crying.

FLACC scale

A pain assessment tool used for non-verbal children, those with cognitive impairment, or children aged $2$ months to $7$ years.

Nystatin swish and swallow

The treatment for Thrush (Oral Candidiasis) administered $4$ times per day after feedings for several days after infection clears.

Koplik spots

Small white spots on the buccal mucosa that are a hallmark clinical manifestation of Rubeola (Measles).

Congenital rubella syndrome

A serious complication involving deafness, cataracts, and heart defects that occurs if a person is infected with Rubella during pregnancy.

Febrile seizures

The most common complication associated with Roseola (Exanthem Subitum) following a high fever of $102-105^{\circ}F$.

Bull neck

A clinical manifestation of Diphtheria characterized by severe lymphadenopathy and edema in the neck.

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

A viral illness caused by Parvovirus B19 appearing as a "slapped cheek" rash followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the trunk.

Strawberry tongue

A red, bumpy appearance of the tongue associated with Scarlet Fever.

Epiglottitis

A medical emergency characterized by supraglottic obstruction, drooling, agitation, and a tripod position; the throat should never be examined unless immediate intubation is available.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

A measurement of the maximum amount of air expelled in $1$ second, used to monitor and classify asthma severity into Green, Yellow, and Red zones.

Albuterol

A short-acting beta-adrenergic agonist used as a rescue medication to work on bronchial smooth muscle and prevent spasms during asthma exacerbations.

Sweat chloride test

The diagnostic gold standard for Cystic Fibrosis; a result greater than $60\,meq/L$ is considered positive.

Meconium ileus

The earliest postnatal manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis, characterized by intestinal obstruction, abdominal distention, and vomiting.

Steatorrhea

Frothy, bulky, fatty, and foul-smelling stools resulting from pancreatic insufficiency in patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Impetigo

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection, often caused by staph or strep, characterized by honey-colored crusting.

Erythema migrans

A target or "bullseye" lesion at the site of a deer tick bite, characteristic of the initial stage of Lyme Disease.

Permethrin

The drug of choice for treating Pediculosis (Head Lice), applied for $10$ minutes and reapplied in $7-10$ days.