natsci topic 3 review

Why is the carbon atom the most important element in organic molecules?

Because it is necessary for the creation of complex molecules such as proteins and DNA.

How can we classify chemical elements according to their abundance in the human body?

Bioelements are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary elements. The basic elements are: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Thermoregulation

Mild temperatures on continents

Solubility

Sugar in the bloodstream, Metabolic reaction of the cell

Density of water

Animals that live on ice

Cohesion and adhesion

Sweat rising from conductive cups, Organisms that move on water

Electrical conductivity

Nerve impulses in neurons

Calcium and phosphorus

components of bones, cognitive tissue, and muscles

Magnesium

synthesize proteins, assimilate calcium and vitamin C, have a laxative effect

Iron

Hemoglobin (oxygen-transporting component of blood)

Cellular respiration

Active in energy transformation processes

Fluorine

Development of bones and teeth

Component of ligaments

Iodine

growth and reproduction

control the functioning of the thyroid gland

Sodium

Regulate the distribution of body fluids

Transmit nerve impulses to muscles

What are the atoms that make up carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

What are carbohydrates

Nutrients that are the main source of energy for growth and physical and mental activity

What do carbohydrates contribute to the body?

The energy we need to carry out our daily activities.

Types of carbohydrates

Simple and complex

Examples of carbohydrates

Legumes, rice, pasta, cakes, sweets

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose and ribose

Disaccharides

sucrose, lactose and maltose

Polysaccharides

Starch and chitin

Chocolate milk

lactose and glucose

Orange juice

fructose

Vanilla cake

sucrose

Lettuce

starch

What is the main difference between animal protein and plant protein?

The main difference between animal protein and plant protein is their nutritional quality. The former contains all the essential amino acids that our bodies are unable to produce on their own.

What is the distinguishing bioelement of proteins?

Nitrogen

Some proteins form cell membranes, nails or hair. This function is called:

Structural

What do proteins become when we eat them?

Amino acids

Proteins have a high molecular weight.

True

Milk protein is called casein.

True

Valine and leucine are essential amino acids.

True

Elastin is found in nails and hair.

False

Collagen is a joint protein.

True

The type of function of lipids that is associated with the covering of organs and tissues, such as the adipose tissue of the feet and hands.

Structural

They are lipids, contain carbohydrates and are part of the membranes of neurons.

Neurolipids

The substances in foods that perform these functions are called:

nutrients

dna

Chain	double helix
Nitrogenous base	adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Pentose	deoxyribose
Types	nuclear and mitochondrial
Function	stores and transmits genetic information

rna

Chain	linear
Nitrogenous base	adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
Pentose	ribose
Types	mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Function	transcribes and translates protein information