COMMS Test 1

Interdependence

Partners affect each other’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; outcomes tied to each other.

Shared history

A record of past interactions that shapes expectations and an anticipated shared future.

Meeting needs characteristic

Relationships help satisfy practical, emotional, and social needs between partners.

Transmission model

One-way, linear communication with no feedback.

Elements of communication

Sender, receiver, message, channel, noise, fidelity.

Noise

Anything that interferes with message reception.

Interaction model

Turn-taking communication with feedback and fields of experience.

Fidelity

The accuracy of how a message is received.

Transactional model

Simultaneous communication where senders and receivers act together.

Feedback

A receiver's response that informs the sender and enables interaction.

Self-concept

The image you have of yourself (beliefs, traits, roles).

Self-esteem

The positive or negative evaluation of one’s self-worth.

Role: Sender

Originates and encodes the message into a channel to be received.

Trait vs state self-esteem

Trait = stable over time; state = changes quickly.

Adaptability

Adjusting messages and behavior to fit different situations.

Empathy

Understanding others' feelings to respond appropriately.

Foundations of competence

Motivation, knowledge, and skills underpin communication competence.

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Low ability → people overestimate competence; high ability → people underestimate competence.

Looking-glass self

We develop self-concept based on how we think others see us.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A belief that leads to behaviors that make it come true.

Internal self-awareness

Understanding your own thoughts.

Knapp’s model purpose

Explains how relationships form and develop over time.

Agape

Selfless, altruistic love.

Initiating stage

First impressions and introductions.

Storge

Love as friendship.

Experimenting stage

Small talk and exploring common ground.

Triangular Theory

Intimacy, passion, commitment.

Intensifying Phase

Increased intimacy and personal disclosure.

Unknown area

Unknown to both self and others.

Eros

Passionate, romantic love.

Halo effect

Attractiveness leads observers to ascribe other positive traits ('beautiful is good').

Bonding

Public commitment in a relationship.

Mania

Obsessive, possessive love.

Four types of uncertainty

Behavioral, mutual, definitional, future.

Physical attractiveness cues

Facial symmetry and averageness are linked to perceived attractiveness.

Passive uncertainty reduction

Observing someone without interacting.

Active uncertainty reduction

Getting information from a third party.

Interactive uncertainty reduction

Directly asking the person.

Social Penetration Theory

Relationships deepen through layers of personal information.

What is a relationship?

A close connection between people with a shared history and an anticipated shared future.

Hidden area

Known to self but hidden from others.