COMMS Test 1
Interdependence (trait)
Partners affect each other’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; outcomes tied to each other.
Shared history (context)
A record of past interactions that shapes expectations and an anticipated shared future.
Meeting needs characteristic
Relationships help satisfy practical, emotional, and social needs between partners.
Transmission model
One-way, linear communication with no feedback.
Elements of communication
Sender, receiver, message, channel, noise, fidelity.
What is noise?
Anything that interferes with message reception.
Interaction model
Turn-taking communication with feedback and fields of experience.
What is fidelity?
The accuracy of how a message is received.
Transactional model
Simultaneous communication where senders and receivers act together.
Feedback (response)
A receiver's response that informs the sender and enables interaction.
What is self-concept?
The image you have of yourself (beliefs, traits, roles).
Fidelity in communication
The accuracy of how a message is received.
Interpersonal Communication
How effectively and appropriately someone communicates in a given situation.
Self-concept clarity
How clearly and consistently you see yourself over time.
Communication Effectiveness
Achieving your communication goals appropriately in a situation.
What is self-esteem?
The positive or negative evaluation of one’s self-worth.
Role: Sender
Originates and encodes the message into a channel to be received.
Trait vs state self-esteem
Trait = stable over time; state = changes quickly.
Adaptability (trait)
Adjusting messages and behavior to fit different situations.
Components of self-esteem
Performance, social, physical.
Empathy (skill)
Understanding others' feelings to respond appropriately.
Foundations of competence
Motivation, knowledge, and skills underpin communication competence.
Transmission (Action) Model
One-way, linear communication with no feedback.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Low ability → people overestimate competence; high ability → people underestimate competence.
Looking-glass self
We develop self-concept based on how we think others see us.
Open area (Shared)
Known to self and others.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Low-ability people overestimate competence; high-ability people underestimate competence.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that leads to behaviors that make it come true.
Blind area (Hidden-to-Self)
Known to others but not to self.
Internal self-awareness
Understanding your own thoughts.
Knapp’s model purpose
Explains how relationships form and develop over time.
Agape (Altruistic)
Selfless, altruistic love.
Two motivators of self-concept
Self-concept is motivated by consistency and favorability.
Initiating stage
First impressions and introductions.
Storge (Friendship)
Love as friendship.
Experimenting stage
Small talk and exploring common ground.
Averageness
Faces closest to the population average are rated as more attractive.
Triangular Theory
Intimacy, passion, commitment.
Intensifying (Phase)
Increased intimacy and personal disclosure.
Unknown area
Unknown to both self and others.
Looking-glass self
We develop self-concept from how we think others see us.
Eros (Romantic)
Passionate, romantic love.
Halo effect
Attractiveness leads observers to ascribe other positive traits ("beautiful is good").
Bonding (Commitment)
Public
Mania (Obsessive)
Obsessive, possessive love.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that causes behaviors which make the belief come true.
Four types of uncertainty
Behavioral, mutual, definitional, future.
Physical attractiveness cues
Facial symmetry and averageness are physical qualities linked to perceived attractiveness.
Internal self-awareness
Understanding your own thoughts.
Passive uncertainty reduction
Observing someone without interacting.
Interaction effect
Two factors together affect outcomes differently than each alone.
Active uncertainty reduction
Getting information from a third party.
Interactive uncertainty reduction
Directly asking the person.
Social Penetration Theory
Relationships deepen through
What is a relationship?
A close connection between people with a shared history and an anticipated shared future.
Hidden area
Known to self but hidden from others.